Sudan

Country Sudan
Capital Khartoum
Continent Africa
Currency Sudanese pound(SDG)
Languages Arabic & English

Information

Introduction

Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. The referendum was held in January 2011 and indicated overwhelming support for independence. South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011. Since southern independence Sudan has been combating rebels from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union in December 2007. Peacekeeping troops have struggled to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations.

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References

Sudan - Wikipedia
Sudan - CIA World Fact Book
Sudan - BBC
Sudan - Timeline - BBC

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Riek Machar: South Sudan vice-president charged with murder and treason - BBCRiek Machar: South Sudan vice-president charged with murder and treason  BBC

Wave of drone strikes hit targets near Sudan capital - The HinduWave of drone strikes hit targets near Sudan capital  The Hindu

Sudan war: Torture, rape and forced starvation as paramilitaries suffocate besieged city - Sky NewsSudan war: Torture, rape and forced starvation as paramilitaries suffocate besieged city  Sky News

South Sudan charges VP Machar with treason, murder over military attack - Al JazeeraSouth Sudan charges VP Machar with treason, murder over military attack  Al Jazeera

Sudan’s people tortured and killed in ‘slaughterhouses’, rights probe says - UN NewsSudan’s people tortured and killed in ‘slaughterhouses’, rights probe says  UN News

Who Is Sudan Gurung, The Face Of Gen Z Protests In Nepal - NDTV
  1. Who Is Sudan Gurung, The Face Of Gen Z Protests In Nepal  NDTV
  2. Who is Sudan Gurung, the face of massive Gen Z revolt in Nepal?  India Today
  3. Gen Z Leader Sudan Gurung Breaks Down During Emotional Media Address In Kathmandu  News18


Gallery: Sudan’s Civil War - The AtlanticGallery: Sudan’s Civil War  The Atlantic

Drone strikes hit power plant, arms factory, refinery near Sudan capital: witnesses - Arab NewsDrone strikes hit power plant, arms factory, refinery near Sudan capital: witnesses  Arab News

War, exodus push three-quarters of Sudan's pupils out of school | Daily Sabah - Daily SabahWar, exodus push three-quarters of Sudan's pupils out of school | Daily Sabah  Daily Sabah

Sudan: New Opposition Coalition Threatens the Revitalized Peace Agreement - ????? ??? ????Sudan: New Opposition Coalition Threatens the Revitalized Peace Agreement  ????? ??? ????

Darfur: Vulnerability of the local Church in El Obeid growing amidst Sudan’s forgotten crisis - Vatican NewsDarfur: Vulnerability of the local Church in El Obeid growing amidst Sudan’s forgotten crisis  Vatican News

Nepal Gen Z protest highlights: Gen Z leader Sudan Gurung backs Sushila Karki amid leadership tussle - India TodayNepal Gen Z protest highlights: Gen Z leader Sudan Gurung backs Sushila Karki amid leadership tussle  India Today

Deadly attacks across Darfur leave nearly 100 wounded in MSF-supported facilities - MSFDeadly attacks across Darfur leave nearly 100 wounded in MSF-supported facilities  MSF

South Sudan charges Vice President Riek Machar with murder and treason - France 24South Sudan charges Vice President Riek Machar with murder and treason  France 24

China Steps In: Mediation Efforts in Sudan’s Power Struggle - Modern DiplomacyChina Steps In: Mediation Efforts in Sudan’s Power Struggle  Modern Diplomacy

South Sudan vice president charged with murder and treason over military base attack - FirstpostSouth Sudan vice president charged with murder and treason over military base attack  Firstpost

South Sudan initiates plan to repatriate migrants it received from the US - TRT EspañolSouth Sudan initiates plan to repatriate migrants it received from the US  TRT Español

Nepal unrest: Gen Z leader Sudan Gurung breaks down as he addresses media - MSNNepal unrest: Gen Z leader Sudan Gurung breaks down as he addresses media  MSN

Attacks on Health Care in Sudan, 20 August - 02 September 2025 - ReliefWebAttacks on Health Care in Sudan, 20 August - 02 September 2025  ReliefWeb

Machar's Charges and Suspension Escalate South Sudan's Political Tensions - DevdiscourseMachar's Charges and Suspension Escalate South Sudan's Political Tensions  Devdiscourse

South Sudan Charges Vice President Machar With Treason - Bloomberg.comSouth Sudan Charges Vice President Machar With Treason  Bloomberg.com

Nepal unrest: Gen Z leader Sudan Gurung breaks down as he addresses media - India Today - India TodayNepal unrest: Gen Z leader Sudan Gurung breaks down as he addresses media - India Today  India Today

RSF attacks kill 89 people in 10 days in Sudan’s Darfur, UN says - Al JazeeraRSF attacks kill 89 people in 10 days in Sudan’s Darfur, UN says  Al Jazeera

Charges Against South Sudan VP - DevdiscourseCharges Against South Sudan VP  Devdiscourse

Why ending the war in Sudan should be a higher priority for the West - Chatham HouseWhy ending the war in Sudan should be a higher priority for the West  Chatham House

Keeping Chad Stable as Sudan’s Conflict Rages - ReliefWebKeeping Chad Stable as Sudan’s Conflict Rages  ReliefWeb

WATCH: Gen Z leader Sudan Gurung breaks down during media address. Here's what happened - WIONWATCH: Gen Z leader Sudan Gurung breaks down during media address. Here's what happened  WION

Sudanese army retakes north Kordofan town of Bara from RSF - Sudan TribuneSudanese army retakes north Kordofan town of Bara from RSF  Sudan Tribune

South Sudan VP Machar Charged With Treason and Murder, Suspended by President - U.S. News & World ReportSouth Sudan VP Machar Charged With Treason and Murder, Suspended by President  U.S. News & World Report

UNSC Extends Sudan Sanctions, Adopts Resolution 2750 - Mirage NewsUNSC Extends Sudan Sanctions, Adopts Resolution 2750  Mirage News

Sudan accuses UAE of sponsoring mercenaries to fight for rebels - Financial TimesSudan accuses UAE of sponsoring mercenaries to fight for rebels  Financial Times

KSrelief distributes food to 6,197 people in Lebanon and Sudan - Arab NewsKSrelief distributes food to 6,197 people in Lebanon and Sudan  Arab News

Drone attack destroys UN aid convoy in Sudan’s famine-hit Darfur region - Al JazeeraDrone attack destroys UN aid convoy in Sudan’s famine-hit Darfur region  Al Jazeera

Sudan: SAPA Responds to Landslide in Tersin and Warns of Cholera Outbreak in Eastern Jabal Marra in Darfur - Horn ObserverSudan: SAPA Responds to Landslide in Tersin and Warns of Cholera Outbreak in Eastern Jabal Marra in Darfur  Horn Observer

Who Is Sudan Gurung, the Youth Leader Behind Nepal's Gen Z Uprising? - Tempo.co EnglishWho Is Sudan Gurung, the Youth Leader Behind Nepal's Gen Z Uprising?  Tempo.co English

US-led mediators ‘appalled’ by humanitarian crisis in war-torn Sudan - Al JazeeraUS-led mediators ‘appalled’ by humanitarian crisis in war-torn Sudan  Al Jazeera

Video of people crossing collapsed bridge with ropes is from Sudan, not Nigeria - yahoo.comVideo of people crossing collapsed bridge with ropes is from Sudan, not Nigeria  yahoo.com

Security Council rejects creation of rival government in Sudan - UN NewsSecurity Council rejects creation of rival government in Sudan  UN News

South Sudan: Flooding Situation Flash Update No. 2 (As of 11 September 2025) - ReliefWebSouth Sudan: Flooding Situation Flash Update No. 2 (As of 11 September 2025)  ReliefWeb

South Sudan - River Operations, 2025 - ReliefWebSouth Sudan - River Operations, 2025  ReliefWeb

South Sudan No. 2 Riek Machar faces treason and other criminal charges - AP NewsSouth Sudan No. 2 Riek Machar faces treason and other criminal charges  AP News

How Michaela Coel Pulled Off Her TIFF Tribute To Sudan, With An Entire Team Of Sudanese Women - Refinery29How Michaela Coel Pulled Off Her TIFF Tribute To Sudan, With An Entire Team Of Sudanese Women  Refinery29

Sudan military destroyed UAE plane carrying Colombian mercenaries: State TV - Al JazeeraSudan military destroyed UAE plane carrying Colombian mercenaries: State TV  Al Jazeera

The Take: Why are Sudanese refugees returning home despite the civil war? - Al JazeeraThe Take: Why are Sudanese refugees returning home despite the civil war?  Al Jazeera

South Sudan - Flow Monitoring Registry - Arrivals from Kenya #71 (15 June - 02 September 2025) - ReliefWebSouth Sudan - Flow Monitoring Registry - Arrivals from Kenya #71 (15 June - 02 September 2025)  ReliefWeb

South Sudan No. 2 Riek Machar faces treason charges - Yahoo News CanadaSouth Sudan No. 2 Riek Machar faces treason charges  Yahoo News Canada

South Sudan VP Machar charged with treason and murder over militia attacks - The Straits TimesSouth Sudan VP Machar charged with treason and murder over militia attacks  The Straits Times

World News in Brief: Gaza humanitarian update, more killings in Sudan, ending impunity in Myanmar - UN NewsWorld News in Brief: Gaza humanitarian update, more killings in Sudan, ending impunity in Myanmar  UN News

Inside the Nuba Mountains and the alliance reshaping Sudan’s civil war - Al JazeeraInside the Nuba Mountains and the alliance reshaping Sudan’s civil war  Al Jazeera

‘They slaughtered us like animals’: the inside story of how one of the biggest atrocities of the Sudan war unfolded in Zamzam - The Guardian‘They slaughtered us like animals’: the inside story of how one of the biggest atrocities of the Sudan war unfolded in Zamzam  The Guardian

Sudan war intensifying with devastating consequences for civilians, UN Fact-Finding Mission says - ohchrSudan war intensifying with devastating consequences for civilians, UN Fact-Finding Mission says  ohchr

South Sudan vice-president Riek Machar charged with murder and treason - The Irish TimesSouth Sudan vice-president Riek Machar charged with murder and treason  The Irish Times

Sudan war: A simple guide to what is happening - BBCSudan war: A simple guide to what is happening  BBC

Oxford woman says rape is 'constant threat' in Sudan civil war - BBCOxford woman says rape is 'constant threat' in Sudan civil war  BBC

South Sudan charges VP Machar with treason, murder - The EastAfricanSouth Sudan charges VP Machar with treason, murder  The EastAfrican

Sudan conflict: Army denies bombing WFP convoy in Darfur - BBCSudan conflict: Army denies bombing WFP convoy in Darfur  BBC

South Sudan vice-president charged with murder and treason - Yahoo News CanadaSouth Sudan vice-president charged with murder and treason  Yahoo News Canada

South Sudan vice president charged with murder, crimes against humanity: justice minister - News24South Sudan vice president charged with murder, crimes against humanity: justice minister  News24

El-Fasher: Barrier being built around besieged Sudan city, satellite images show - BBCEl-Fasher: Barrier being built around besieged Sudan city, satellite images show  BBC

Sudan’s competing authorities are beholden to militia leaders, say analysts - Al JazeeraSudan’s competing authorities are beholden to militia leaders, say analysts  Al Jazeera

Opinion| Negotiating boundaries or surrendering land? South Sudan’s border challenges in the post-independence era - Radio TamazujOpinion| Negotiating boundaries or surrendering land? South Sudan’s border challenges in the post-independence era  Radio Tamazuj

The impact of Sudan’s war on women, two years on - UN WomenThe impact of Sudan’s war on women, two years on  UN Women

Sudan civil war: A pregnant woman's diary of escape through RSF territory - BBCSudan civil war: A pregnant woman's diary of escape through RSF territory  BBC

Sudan as an afterthought - themedium.caSudan as an afterthought  themedium.ca

As fighting escalates, kidnappings of aid workers surge in South Sudan - AP NewsAs fighting escalates, kidnappings of aid workers surge in South Sudan  AP News

Sudan: Council sanctions individuals and entities over serious human rights violations and threats to the peace, stability and security of the country - consilium.europa.euSudan: Council sanctions individuals and entities over serious human rights violations and threats to the peace, stability and security of the country  consilium.europa.eu

‘We’re suffering’: People in Sudan’s el-Fasher eat animal fodder to survive - Al Jazeera‘We’re suffering’: People in Sudan’s el-Fasher eat animal fodder to survive  Al Jazeera

Sudan army torturing people to death, says rights group - BBCSudan army torturing people to death, says rights group  BBC

Sudan: UNESCO steps up its actions as the conflict enters its third year - UNESCOSudan: UNESCO steps up its actions as the conflict enters its third year  UNESCO

South Sudan - Seasonal Monitor (August 2025) - ReliefWebSouth Sudan - Seasonal Monitor (August 2025)  ReliefWeb

Sudan’s RSF detains journalist in Darfur, says press freedom group - Sudan TribuneSudan’s RSF detains journalist in Darfur, says press freedom group  Sudan Tribune

South Sudan’s first vice president charged with murder, crimes against humanity - Yahoo News UKSouth Sudan’s first vice president charged with murder, crimes against humanity  Yahoo News UK

Church of Ireland young people feed 3,980 children in South Sudan - Down and DromoreChurch of Ireland young people feed 3,980 children in South Sudan  Down and Dromore

RSF attacks compound humanitarian crisis in Sudan’s strategic city - Al JazeeraRSF attacks compound humanitarian crisis in Sudan’s strategic city  Al Jazeera

Sudan: UN ‘deeply alarmed’ by major attack on besieged El Fasher - UN NewsSudan: UN ‘deeply alarmed’ by major attack on besieged El Fasher  UN News

Sudan war: Children dying of hunger in Darfur's el-Fasher city - BBCSudan war: Children dying of hunger in Darfur's el-Fasher city  BBC

Sudan Archives has shared "COME AND FIND YOU" - The Line of Best FitSudan Archives has shared "COME AND FIND YOU"  The Line of Best Fit

Why are people starving in Sudan’s el-Fasher? - Al JazeeraWhy are people starving in Sudan’s el-Fasher?  Al Jazeera

RSF paramilitary-led coalition forms parallel government in war-torn Sudan - Al JazeeraRSF paramilitary-led coalition forms parallel government in war-torn Sudan  Al Jazeera

UN fact-finding mission says Sudan conflict escalating, aid weaponised - Al JazeeraUN fact-finding mission says Sudan conflict escalating, aid weaponised  Al Jazeera

Sudan: After 2 Years of War, Global Action Needed - Human Rights WatchSudan: After 2 Years of War, Global Action Needed  Human Rights Watch

World News in Brief: Sudan hospitals under fire, world remembers victims of terrorism, DR Congo - UN NewsWorld News in Brief: Sudan hospitals under fire, world remembers victims of terrorism, DR Congo  UN News

Sudanese RSF fighters kill more than 40 people in Darfur camp - Al JazeeraSudanese RSF fighters kill more than 40 people in Darfur camp  Al Jazeera

South Sudan No. 2 Riek Machar faces treason charges - SFGATESouth Sudan No. 2 Riek Machar faces treason charges  SFGATE

Crisis in Sudan: What is happening and how to help - International Rescue CommitteeCrisis in Sudan: What is happening and how to help  International Rescue Committee

Why Sudan’s RSF chose this parallel government ahead of peace talks - Al JazeeraWhy Sudan’s RSF chose this parallel government ahead of peace talks  Al Jazeera

Sudan gripped by deadly crisis as hunger, disease and heat intensify - UN NewsSudan gripped by deadly crisis as hunger, disease and heat intensify  UN News

South Sudanese ‘are counting on us’, top UN official tells Security Council - UN NewsSouth Sudanese ‘are counting on us’, top UN official tells Security Council  UN News

Cholera kills 40 as Sudan faces worst outbreak in years, says MSF - Al JazeeraCholera kills 40 as Sudan faces worst outbreak in years, says MSF  Al Jazeera

Sudan: UN Human Rights Chief appalled by widespread extrajudicial killings in Khartoum - ohchrSudan: UN Human Rights Chief appalled by widespread extrajudicial killings in Khartoum  ohchr

Sudan | World Food Programme - UN World Food ProgrammeSudan | World Food Programme  UN World Food Programme

South Sudan denies Israel talks over forced transfer of Palestinians - Al JazeeraSouth Sudan denies Israel talks over forced transfer of Palestinians  Al Jazeera

Strengthening the healthcare system in Sudan during the conflict - EEASStrengthening the healthcare system in Sudan during the conflict  EEAS

Sudan: UN warns of soaring displacement and looming floods - UN NewsSudan: UN warns of soaring displacement and looming floods  UN News

South Sudan No. 2 Riek Machar faces treason and other criminal charges - Ottumwa CourierSouth Sudan No. 2 Riek Machar faces treason and other criminal charges  Ottumwa Courier

UN officials warn of starvation amid ‘gender emergency’ in war-torn Sudan - UN NewsUN officials warn of starvation amid ‘gender emergency’ in war-torn Sudan  UN News

The falcons and the secretary bird: Arab Gulf states in Sudan’s war - European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)The falcons and the secretary bird: Arab Gulf states in Sudan’s war  European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)

UN rights chief condemns recent killing of scores of civilians in Sudan - UN NewsUN rights chief condemns recent killing of scores of civilians in Sudan  UN News

Sudan’s RSF kills about 300 people in North Kordofan, rights group says - Al JazeeraSudan’s RSF kills about 300 people in North Kordofan, rights group says  Al Jazeera

Sudan: foreign interests are deepening a devastating war – only regional diplomacy can stop them - The ConversationSudan: foreign interests are deepening a devastating war – only regional diplomacy can stop them  The Conversation