Sudan

Country Sudan
Capital Khartoum
Continent Africa
Currency Sudanese pound(SDG)
Languages Arabic & English

Information

Introduction

Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. The referendum was held in January 2011 and indicated overwhelming support for independence. South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011. Since southern independence Sudan has been combating rebels from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union in December 2007. Peacekeeping troops have struggled to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations.

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References

Sudan - Wikipedia
Sudan - CIA World Fact Book
Sudan - BBC
Sudan - Timeline - BBC

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Starvation and Bombs in Besieged Sudanese City As Residents Cry for Help - The New York TimesStarvation and Bombs in Besieged Sudanese City As Residents Cry for Help  The New York Times

Joint Statement on Restoring Peace and Security in Sudan - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Joint Statement on Restoring Peace and Security in Sudan  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Father reunited with family in Sudan after Al Jazeera news report - Al JazeeraFather reunited with family in Sudan after Al Jazeera news report  Al Jazeera

Deadly attacks and collapsing services push Sudan closer to catastrophe - UN NewsDeadly attacks and collapsing services push Sudan closer to catastrophe  UN News

Sudhan vs Sudan row amid Gen Z unrest, confusion brings in uninvited commotions - Telegraph IndiaSudhan vs Sudan row amid Gen Z unrest, confusion brings in uninvited commotions  Telegraph India

US, Allies Propose Transitional Plan to End Sudan Conflict - MintUS, Allies Propose Transitional Plan to End Sudan Conflict  Mint

Paramilitary drones hit key sites in Sudan’s south: army official - Arab NewsParamilitary drones hit key sites in Sudan’s south: army official  Arab News

Five things to know about South Sudan's fragile peace deal - DWFive things to know about South Sudan's fragile peace deal  DW

Exclusive: Young activists who toppled Nepal's government now picking new leaders - ReutersExclusive: Young activists who toppled Nepal's government now picking new leaders  Reuters

Sudanese national linked to drug cases deported - The New Indian ExpressSudanese national linked to drug cases deported  The New Indian Express

Sudan Gurung's group demands PM Karki's resignation over cabinet picks - Business StandardSudan Gurung's group demands PM Karki's resignation over cabinet picks  Business Standard

Joint Statement on Restoring Peace and Security in Sudan - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Joint Statement on Restoring Peace and Security in Sudan  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Nepal: Chaos erupts at Sudan Gurung's press conference after supporter assaults journalist | Video - India TV NewsNepal: Chaos erupts at Sudan Gurung's press conference after supporter assaults journalist | Video  India TV News

AU, IGAD welcome resolution to tackle Sudan humanitarian crisis - APAnews - Agence de Presse AfricaineAU, IGAD welcome resolution to tackle Sudan humanitarian crisis  APAnews - Agence de Presse Africaine

Riek Machar: South Sudan vice-president charged with murder and treason - BBCRiek Machar: South Sudan vice-president charged with murder and treason  BBC

Cholera kills 25 in two days in Sudan's Darfur amid deepening war - AL-MonitorCholera kills 25 in two days in Sudan's Darfur amid deepening war  AL-Monitor

Situation Report Horn of Africa: UN Security Council extends sanctions on Sudan - IDN-InDepthNewsSituation Report Horn of Africa: UN Security Council extends sanctions on Sudan  IDN-InDepthNews

US, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt propose roadmap for Sudan peace - ReutersUS, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt propose roadmap for Sudan peace  Reuters

Sudan Welcomes International Truce Efforts but Warns Against Foreign Interference - The Media LineSudan Welcomes International Truce Efforts but Warns Against Foreign Interference  The Media Line

Sudan: Emergency seed distribution to vulnerable farming households in White Nile State - ReliefWebSudan: Emergency seed distribution to vulnerable farming households in White Nile State  ReliefWeb

Sudan criticises US sanctions on citizens, entities - Middle East MonitorSudan criticises US sanctions on citizens, entities  Middle East Monitor

Sudan: Cholera kills 25 in Darfur in 48-hour period - The New ArabSudan: Cholera kills 25 in Darfur in 48-hour period  The New Arab

Sudan’s diaspora steps up as millions displaced by war look for survival and hope - Arab NewsSudan’s diaspora steps up as millions displaced by war look for survival and hope  Arab News

US Sanctions Sudan Minister Over Iran Ties | Firstpost Africa - FirstpostUS Sanctions Sudan Minister Over Iran Ties | Firstpost Africa  Firstpost

‘Deadly floods’ displace over 100,000 in South Sudan - UN News‘Deadly floods’ displace over 100,000 in South Sudan  UN News

Today's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Yemen, Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ukraine - OCHAToday's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Yemen, Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ukraine  OCHA

South Sudan beat Mali to lift African football trophy in Türkiye - TRT EspañolSouth Sudan beat Mali to lift African football trophy in Türkiye  TRT Español

The Takeover Of Sudan By The Muslim Brotherhood Since 1989 – Part I - MEMRIThe Takeover Of Sudan By The Muslim Brotherhood Since 1989 – Part I  MEMRI

Sudan criticizes U.S. sanctions on citizens, entities - UNITED NEWS OF INDIASudan criticizes U.S. sanctions on citizens, entities  UNITED NEWS OF INDIA

Sudan’s army, RSF escalate conflict with advanced drone warfare - Sudan TribuneSudan’s army, RSF escalate conflict with advanced drone warfare  Sudan Tribune

RSF attacks kill 89 people in 10 days in Sudan’s Darfur, UN says - Al JazeeraRSF attacks kill 89 people in 10 days in Sudan’s Darfur, UN says  Al Jazeera

UNHCR Chad | Emergency Situation in Chad: Update on arrivals from Sudan (14 September 2025) - ReliefWebUNHCR Chad | Emergency Situation in Chad: Update on arrivals from Sudan (14 September 2025)  ReliefWeb

Sudan: As children continue to suffer, school remains a distant hope - UN NewsSudan: As children continue to suffer, school remains a distant hope  UN News

DTM Sudan Mobility Update (21) Monthly Report (14 September 2025) - ReliefWebDTM Sudan Mobility Update (21) Monthly Report (14 September 2025)  ReliefWeb

AU and IGAD Welcome Quad’s Joint Statement, Push for Civilian Transition in Sudan - DevdiscourseAU and IGAD Welcome Quad’s Joint Statement, Push for Civilian Transition in Sudan  Devdiscourse

Sudan: As children continue to suffer, school remains a distant hope - Department of Political and Peacebuilding AffairsSudan: As children continue to suffer, school remains a distant hope  Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs

Sudanese national deported after 12 years of illegal stay & drug-related offences - The Times of IndiaSudanese national deported after 12 years of illegal stay & drug-related offences  The Times of India

South Sudan's opposition says government trying to enforce "one-tribe rule" - ReutersSouth Sudan's opposition says government trying to enforce "one-tribe rule"  Reuters

Sudan bans private gold exports, central bank to be sole buyer - Sudan TribuneSudan bans private gold exports, central bank to be sole buyer  Sudan Tribune

DTM Sudan Return Monitoring Snapshot (07) Monthly Report (14 September 2025) - ReliefWebDTM Sudan Return Monitoring Snapshot (07) Monthly Report (14 September 2025)  ReliefWeb

Sudan war: Torture, rape and forced starvation as paramilitaries suffocate besieged city - Sky NewsSudan war: Torture, rape and forced starvation as paramilitaries suffocate besieged city  Sky News

Sudan national involved in drug cases deported from Hyderabad - Telangana TodaySudan national involved in drug cases deported from Hyderabad  Telangana Today

'Won't Let Leaders Leave Their Homes': Nepal Gen Z Leader Sudan Gurung In Heated Presser - News18'Won't Let Leaders Leave Their Homes': Nepal Gen Z Leader Sudan Gurung In Heated Presser  News18

UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt Issue Truce Call to Stabilize Sudan - Egyptian StreetsUAE, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt Issue Truce Call to Stabilize Sudan  Egyptian Streets

US, Allies Propose Transitional Plan to End Sudan Conflict - Bloomberg.comUS, Allies Propose Transitional Plan to End Sudan Conflict  Bloomberg.com

South Sudan VP Machar charged with treason and murder, suspended by president - ReutersSouth Sudan VP Machar charged with treason and murder, suspended by president  Reuters

Divergence of Positions Among Sudanese Parties Regarding the Quartets Plan to End the War - Sada News Agency - ????? ??? ????Divergence of Positions Among Sudanese Parties Regarding the Quartets Plan to End the War - Sada News Agency  ????? ??? ????

Sudan welcomes peace efforts to end war with RSF, rejects foreign interference - trtworld.comSudan welcomes peace efforts to end war with RSF, rejects foreign interference  trtworld.com

‘A Choice Between Starvation and Death’: Sudan’s Forgotten Siege - kurdistan24.net‘A Choice Between Starvation and Death’: Sudan’s Forgotten Siege  kurdistan24.net

Security Council Meets on Sudan and South Sudan - UN MediaSecurity Council Meets on Sudan and South Sudan  UN Media

US, Saudi, UAE, Egypt roadmap seeks Sudan peace, to curtail ‘Islamist influence’ - The Arab WeeklyUS, Saudi, UAE, Egypt roadmap seeks Sudan peace, to curtail ‘Islamist influence’  The Arab Weekly

Drone attack destroys UN aid convoy in Sudan’s famine-hit Darfur region - Al JazeeraDrone attack destroys UN aid convoy in Sudan’s famine-hit Darfur region  Al Jazeera

South Sudan opposition calls on citizens to defend their country after leader indicted - yahoo.comSouth Sudan opposition calls on citizens to defend their country after leader indicted  yahoo.com

DTM Sudan Flash Alert: Flooding in Um Algura (Major 6 village), Aj Jazirah (Update 01): 14 September 2025 - ReliefWebDTM Sudan Flash Alert: Flooding in Um Algura (Major 6 village), Aj Jazirah (Update 01): 14 September 2025  ReliefWeb

A team uniting a divided nation: War-torn Sudan’s remarkable rise to the precipice of World Cup history - CNNA team uniting a divided nation: War-torn Sudan’s remarkable rise to the precipice of World Cup history  CNN

Sudan Nashra: Military retakes Bara, RSF loses senior commanders in Kordofan | Fact-finding mission calls out military, RSF again for war crimes | Sudan files new complaint with Security Council over UAE involvement in mercenary deployment | Sudan’s del - ??? ???Sudan Nashra: Military retakes Bara, RSF loses senior commanders in Kordofan | Fact-finding mission calls out military, RSF again for war crimes | Sudan files new complaint with Security Council over UAE involvement in mercenary deployment | Sudan’s del  ??? ???

UN: Humanitarian crisis worsening across Sudan - Radio TamazujUN: Humanitarian crisis worsening across Sudan  Radio Tamazuj

UN Security Council renews sanctions against Sudan - XinhuaUN Security Council renews sanctions against Sudan  Xinhua

Sudan Crisis Explained - USA for UNHCRSudan Crisis Explained  USA for UNHCR

Sudan welcomes peace efforts to end war with RSF, rejects foreign interference - Middle East MonitorSudan welcomes peace efforts to end war with RSF, rejects foreign interference  Middle East Monitor

Sudan Gurung's group protest in front of PM's residence at midnight demanding PM Karki's resignation - SetopatiSudan Gurung's group protest in front of PM's residence at midnight demanding PM Karki's resignation  Setopati

Race to find survivors after Sudan landslide kills hundreds in Darfur - BBCRace to find survivors after Sudan landslide kills hundreds in Darfur  BBC

Moran Global Plunges into South Sudan - O'Dwyer's PRMoran Global Plunges into South Sudan  O'Dwyer's PR

Security Council rejects creation of rival government in Sudan - UN NewsSecurity Council rejects creation of rival government in Sudan  UN News

Heavy fighting rocks Sudan’s Kordofan as army advances, RSF reinforces - Sudan TribuneHeavy fighting rocks Sudan’s Kordofan as army advances, RSF reinforces  Sudan Tribune

Burhan condemns “Israeli aggression” in Doha, affirms Sudan’s full solidarity - Sudan TribuneBurhan condemns “Israeli aggression” in Doha, affirms Sudan’s full solidarity  Sudan Tribune

Sudan military destroyed UAE plane carrying Colombian mercenaries: State TV - Al JazeeraSudan military destroyed UAE plane carrying Colombian mercenaries: State TV  Al Jazeera

US-led mediators ‘appalled’ by humanitarian crisis in war-torn Sudan - Al JazeeraUS-led mediators ‘appalled’ by humanitarian crisis in war-torn Sudan  Al Jazeera

Sudan rejects Quartet’s peace proposal, reaffirms sovereignty against foreign pressure - PressTVSudan rejects Quartet’s peace proposal, reaffirms sovereignty against foreign pressure  PressTV

Paramilitary drones hit key sites in Sudan's south: army official - TRT EspañolParamilitary drones hit key sites in Sudan's south: army official  TRT Español

‘God have mercy on us’: Sudan’s Christians struggle to survive under siege - Fox News‘God have mercy on us’: Sudan’s Christians struggle to survive under siege  Fox News

Sudan war: A simple guide to what is happening - BBCSudan war: A simple guide to what is happening  BBC

From Sudan to Chad: A refugee mother's survival story - CAREFrom Sudan to Chad: A refugee mother's survival story  CARE

Children in Sudan ‘reduced to skin and bones’ as UNICEF calls for urgent action - UnicefChildren in Sudan ‘reduced to skin and bones’ as UNICEF calls for urgent action  Unicef

South Sudan Vice President Riek Machar charged with murder, treason and crimes against humanity - Jurist.orgSouth Sudan Vice President Riek Machar charged with murder, treason and crimes against humanity  Jurist.org

Sudanese Islamist Groups Reject Quartet Peace Plan - Medafrica TimesSudanese Islamist Groups Reject Quartet Peace Plan  Medafrica Times

North Darfur: Sky News goes into epicentre of Sudan's conflict - Sky NewsNorth Darfur: Sky News goes into epicentre of Sudan's conflict  Sky News

‘They slaughtered us like animals’: the inside story of how one of the biggest atrocities of the Sudan war unfolded in Zamzam - The Guardian‘They slaughtered us like animals’: the inside story of how one of the biggest atrocities of the Sudan war unfolded in Zamzam  The Guardian

Missionary Sisters bringing hope in Sudan's Nuba Mountains - Vatican NewsMissionary Sisters bringing hope in Sudan's Nuba Mountains  Vatican News

UN Warns of Severe Flooding Crisis in South Sudan - ShiaWavesUN Warns of Severe Flooding Crisis in South Sudan  ShiaWaves

Sudan’s competing authorities are beholden to militia leaders, say analysts - Al JazeeraSudan’s competing authorities are beholden to militia leaders, say analysts  Al Jazeera

South Sudan opposition calls for mobilization of forces for ‘regime change’ - Al Arabiya EnglishSouth Sudan opposition calls for mobilization of forces for ‘regime change’  Al Arabiya English

UNHCR: New, deadly floods displace over 100,000 in South Sudan; conflict and funding cuts impede aid - UNHCR - The UN Refugee AgencyUNHCR: New, deadly floods displace over 100,000 in South Sudan; conflict and funding cuts impede aid  UNHCR - The UN Refugee Agency

The impact of Sudan’s war on women, two years on - UN WomenThe impact of Sudan’s war on women, two years on  UN Women

GERD study: Sediment trapping may prolong Sudan’s Roseires Dam but raise ecological risks - DailynewsegyptGERD study: Sediment trapping may prolong Sudan’s Roseires Dam but raise ecological risks  Dailynewsegypt

Paramilitary drones hit key sites in Sudan - Hürriyet Daily NewsParamilitary drones hit key sites in Sudan  Hürriyet Daily News

Sudan: UNESCO steps up its actions as the conflict enters its third year - UNESCOSudan: UNESCO steps up its actions as the conflict enters its third year  UNESCO

Sudan's military-aligned government rejects latest peace plan - thenationalnews.comSudan's military-aligned government rejects latest peace plan  thenationalnews.com

Oxford woman says rape is 'constant threat' in Sudan civil war - BBCOxford woman says rape is 'constant threat' in Sudan civil war  BBC

Sudan: Council sanctions individuals and entities over serious human rights violations and threats to the peace, stability and security of the country - consilium.europa.euSudan: Council sanctions individuals and entities over serious human rights violations and threats to the peace, stability and security of the country  consilium.europa.eu

South Sudan could return to war, peace monitors warn - Radio TamazujSouth Sudan could return to war, peace monitors warn  Radio Tamazuj

El-Fasher: Barrier being built around besieged Sudan city, satellite images show - BBCEl-Fasher: Barrier being built around besieged Sudan city, satellite images show  BBC

Plea for help after landslide wipes out Sudan village, killing 1,000 - ReutersPlea for help after landslide wipes out Sudan village, killing 1,000  Reuters

Inside the Nuba Mountains and the alliance reshaping Sudan’s civil war - Al JazeeraInside the Nuba Mountains and the alliance reshaping Sudan’s civil war  Al Jazeera

Q&A: South Sudan crisis was deliberate – Mohandis - Radio TamazujQ&A: South Sudan crisis was deliberate – Mohandis  Radio Tamazuj

‘We’re suffering’: People in Sudan’s el-Fasher eat animal fodder to survive - Al Jazeera‘We’re suffering’: People in Sudan’s el-Fasher eat animal fodder to survive  Al Jazeera

Sudan conflict: Army denies bombing WFP convoy in Darfur - BBCSudan conflict: Army denies bombing WFP convoy in Darfur  BBC

RSF attacks compound humanitarian crisis in Sudan’s strategic city - Al JazeeraRSF attacks compound humanitarian crisis in Sudan’s strategic city  Al Jazeera

Israeli attack on Qatar flagrant violation of Arab sovereignty: Sudan - The Peninsula QatarIsraeli attack on Qatar flagrant violation of Arab sovereignty: Sudan  The Peninsula Qatar

Sudan: After 2 Years of War, Global Action Needed - Human Rights WatchSudan: After 2 Years of War, Global Action Needed  Human Rights Watch