Rwanda

Country Rwanda
Capital Kigali
Continent Africa
Currency Rwandan franc(RWF)
Languages Kinyarwanda, French & English

Information

Introduction

In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remained in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; the former Zaire) and formed an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF tried in 1990. Rwanda held its first local elections in 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in 2003. Rwanda in 2009 staged a joint military operation with the Congolese Army in DRC to rout out the Hutu extremist insurgency there and Kigali and Kinshasa restored diplomatic relations. Rwanda also joined the Commonwealth in late 2009.

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References

Rwanda - Wikipedia
Rwanda - CIA World Fact Book
Rwanda - BBC
Rwanda - Timeline - BBC

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UN experts cast blame on Rwanda and Uganda. What are they doing in DRC? - Al JazeeraUN experts cast blame on Rwanda and Uganda. What are they doing in DRC?  Al Jazeera

UNHCR Rwanda Operational Update - April/May 2025 - ReliefWebUNHCR Rwanda Operational Update - April/May 2025  ReliefWeb

Rwanda, Antigua and Barbuda sign visa waiver, health, tourism agreements| The New Times - The New TimesRwanda, Antigua and Barbuda sign visa waiver, health, tourism agreements| The New Times  The New Times

Africa News Live Updates: Rwanda, Nigeria, Liberia and Côte d’Ivoire mark a day of arrests, reforms and rising voices - FirstpostAfrica News Live Updates: Rwanda, Nigeria, Liberia and Côte d’Ivoire mark a day of arrests, reforms and rising voices  Firstpost

Rwanda approves peace deal with DR Congo - XinhuaRwanda approves peace deal with DR Congo  Xinhua

Rwanda T20I Tri-Series - CricTrackerRwanda T20I Tri-Series  CricTracker

BAH vs RWA Dream11 Prediction Today Match 1 Rwanda T20I Tri-Series 2025 - Cricket AddictorBAH vs RWA Dream11 Prediction Today Match 1 Rwanda T20I Tri-Series 2025  Cricket Addictor

Submission to the Universal Periodic Review of Rwanda - Human Rights WatchSubmission to the Universal Periodic Review of Rwanda  Human Rights Watch

Rwanda Joins with Egypt, Mozambique, Haiti, Nigeria, Israel, Lebanon, Dominica Republic in List of New US Travel Warning for American Tourists, Now Full Guide is Here Where to Plan for Trip - Travel And Tour WorldRwanda Joins with Egypt, Mozambique, Haiti, Nigeria, Israel, Lebanon, Dominica Republic in List of New US Travel Warning for American Tourists, Now Full Guide is Here Where to Plan for Trip  Travel And Tour World

Rwanda: Evaluation of Home-Grown School Feeding (2025-2029) - ReliefWebRwanda: Evaluation of Home-Grown School Feeding (2025-2029)  ReliefWeb

Improved cookstoves enhance household air quality and respiratory health in rural Rwanda - NatureImproved cookstoves enhance household air quality and respiratory health in rural Rwanda  Nature

The Critical Role of Minerals in the DRC-Rwanda Peace Agreement - orfonline.orgThe Critical Role of Minerals in the DRC-Rwanda Peace Agreement  orfonline.org

MLW vs RWN Match 3 T20I Cricket Match Scorecard, Rwanda T20I Tri-Series 2025 - Business StandardMLW vs RWN Match 3 T20I Cricket Match Scorecard, Rwanda T20I Tri-Series 2025  Business Standard

Morocco, Rwanda deepen strategic partnership - APAnews - Agence de Presse AfricaineMorocco, Rwanda deepen strategic partnership  APAnews - Agence de Presse Africaine

CDC in Rwanda - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)CDC in Rwanda  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)

Rwandan quarry licence paves way for new clinker plant - CemNet.comRwandan quarry licence paves way for new clinker plant  CemNet.com

Rwanda vs Bahrain, 1st Match - Cricbuzz.comRwanda vs Bahrain, 1st Match  Cricbuzz.com

Rwanda and Russia look to lock in influence as CAR president eyes third term - The GuardianRwanda and Russia look to lock in influence as CAR president eyes third term  The Guardian

4 things every peace agreement needs – and how the DRC-Rwanda deal measures up - The Conversation4 things every peace agreement needs – and how the DRC-Rwanda deal measures up  The Conversation

Rwanda’s HIV leadership on display at IAS 2025 - AidsmapRwanda’s HIV leadership on display at IAS 2025  Aidsmap

Rwanda: Nick Barigye’s ‘homecoming’ at Crystal Ventures as CEO - ZAWYARwanda: Nick Barigye’s ‘homecoming’ at Crystal Ventures as CEO  ZAWYA

Rwanda president unsure if DRC peace deal will hold, warns against ‘tricks’ - Al JazeeraRwanda president unsure if DRC peace deal will hold, warns against ‘tricks’  Al Jazeera

Bahrain vs Malawi, 2nd Match, Tomorrow, Rwanda T20I Tri-Series, 2025 - Cricbuzz.comBahrain vs Malawi, 2nd Match, Tomorrow, Rwanda T20I Tri-Series, 2025  Cricbuzz.com

DR Congo, Rwanda sign peace deal in ‘turning point’ after years of conflict - Al JazeeraDR Congo, Rwanda sign peace deal in ‘turning point’ after years of conflict  Al Jazeera

Turning point or pointless turn: Will DR Congo-Rwanda deal bring peace? - Al JazeeraTurning point or pointless turn: Will DR Congo-Rwanda deal bring peace?  Al Jazeera

DRC and Rwanda to strike Trump-brokered peace deal: All to know - Al JazeeraDRC and Rwanda to strike Trump-brokered peace deal: All to know  Al Jazeera

UN Report Accuses Rwanda and Uganda of Escalating Conflict in Eastern DRC - The North Africa PostUN Report Accuses Rwanda and Uganda of Escalating Conflict in Eastern DRC  The North Africa Post

Qatar emphasises peaceful resolution of conflicts after DRC-Rwanda deal - Al JazeeraQatar emphasises peaceful resolution of conflicts after DRC-Rwanda deal  Al Jazeera

DR Congo and Rwanda sign peace deal after years of war - Al JazeeraDR Congo and Rwanda sign peace deal after years of war  Al Jazeera

Indo-Rwandan Cultural Night Celebrates “Art for Peace” in New Delhi - Country and PoliticsIndo-Rwandan Cultural Night Celebrates “Art for Peace” in New Delhi  Country and Politics

Rwanda Announce Squad for T20 World Cup Division 2 Africa Qualifier 2025 - Female CricketRwanda Announce Squad for T20 World Cup Division 2 Africa Qualifier 2025  Female Cricket

DRC and Rwanda sign a US-brokered peace deal: what are the chances of its success? - The ConversationDRC and Rwanda sign a US-brokered peace deal: what are the chances of its success?  The Conversation

England name Bashir’s replacement for fourth India Test | ICC World Test Championship | ICC - ICCEngland name Bashir’s replacement for fourth India Test | ICC World Test Championship | ICC  ICC

DR Congo's M23 conflict: What is the fighting about and is Rwanda involved? - BBCDR Congo's M23 conflict: What is the fighting about and is Rwanda involved?  BBC

DRC’s peace deal with Rwanda risks swapping war for resource exploitation - Al JazeeraDRC’s peace deal with Rwanda risks swapping war for resource exploitation  Al Jazeera

African Development Bank approves financing to advance Rwanda’s universal energy access - African Development Bank GroupAfrican Development Bank approves financing to advance Rwanda’s universal energy access  African Development Bank Group

Experts react: The DRC and Rwanda agreed to a US-backed peace deal. Can critical minerals help end this conflict? - Atlantic CouncilExperts react: The DRC and Rwanda agreed to a US-backed peace deal. Can critical minerals help end this conflict?  Atlantic Council

Airtel Rwanda launches AI spam alert system to curb digital fraud| The New Times - The New TimesAirtel Rwanda launches AI spam alert system to curb digital fraud| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda National Day - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Rwanda National Day  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

HIV and TB Overview: Rwanda - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)HIV and TB Overview: Rwanda  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)

‘New chapter of hope’: Marco Rubio hails Rwanda-DRC peace deal; credits Trump for claimed truce of India- - Times of India‘New chapter of hope’: Marco Rubio hails Rwanda-DRC peace deal; credits Trump for claimed truce of India-  Times of India

Atlas Space Operations Adds to Ground Network With Rwanda Antenna - Via SatelliteAtlas Space Operations Adds to Ground Network With Rwanda Antenna  Via Satellite

The Missing Peace in Africa’s Great Lakes Region - The Jerusalem Strategic TribuneThe Missing Peace in Africa’s Great Lakes Region  The Jerusalem Strategic Tribune

Critical Minerals, Fragile Peace: The DRC-Rwanda Deal and the Cost of Ignoring Root Causes - CSIS | Center for Strategic and International StudiesCritical Minerals, Fragile Peace: The DRC-Rwanda Deal and the Cost of Ignoring Root Causes  CSIS | Center for Strategic and International Studies

Scepticism in Goma over peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda - BBCScepticism in Goma over peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda  BBC

The DR Congo-Rwanda Deal: Now Comes the Hard Part - International Crisis GroupThe DR Congo-Rwanda Deal: Now Comes the Hard Part  International Crisis Group

Peace Agreement Signing Between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of Rwanda - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Peace Agreement Signing Between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of Rwanda  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

DR Congo-Rwanda ceasefire deal still faces many challenges - BBCDR Congo-Rwanda ceasefire deal still faces many challenges  BBC

Rwanda: Opposition Leader Arrested - Human Rights WatchRwanda: Opposition Leader Arrested  Human Rights Watch

Rwanda pulls out of regional bloc over DR Congo row - BBCRwanda pulls out of regional bloc over DR Congo row  BBC

Exclusive: Rwanda exercises command and control over M23 rebels, say UN experts - ReutersExclusive: Rwanda exercises command and control over M23 rebels, say UN experts  Reuters

Genocide against the Tutsi: UNESCO and Rwanda to step-up the role of education in the memorial sites - UNESCOGenocide against the Tutsi: UNESCO and Rwanda to step-up the role of education in the memorial sites  UNESCO

International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda - UNESCOInternational Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda  UNESCO

Peace without justice? The U.S.-DRC-Rwanda deal and Africa’s fight for sovereignty - greenpeace.orgPeace without justice? The U.S.-DRC-Rwanda deal and Africa’s fight for sovereignty  greenpeace.org

Peace for Profit? What the DRC-Rwanda Peace Deal Leaves Unsaid - OkayAfricaPeace for Profit? What the DRC-Rwanda Peace Deal Leaves Unsaid  OkayAfrica

Ahead of First-Ever SIGNIS World Congress in Africa, Board Approves Theme, Subthemes for 2026 Rwanda Event - aciafrica.orgAhead of First-Ever SIGNIS World Congress in Africa, Board Approves Theme, Subthemes for 2026 Rwanda Event  aciafrica.org

DR Congo and Rwanda sign long-awaited peace deal in Washington - BBCDR Congo and Rwanda sign long-awaited peace deal in Washington  BBC

Rwanda and DR Congo agree draft peace deal to end conflict - BBCRwanda and DR Congo agree draft peace deal to end conflict  BBC

Secretary of State Marco Rubio at the Signing of the DRC-Rwanda Peace Agreement - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Secretary of State Marco Rubio at the Signing of the DRC-Rwanda Peace Agreement  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Trump eyes mineral wealth as Rwanda and DRC sign controversial peace deal in US - The GuardianTrump eyes mineral wealth as Rwanda and DRC sign controversial peace deal in US  The Guardian

DR Congo and Rwanda to sign peace agreement on June 27 - Al JazeeraDR Congo and Rwanda to sign peace agreement on June 27  Al Jazeera

DRC-Rwanda Peace Agreement Greeted with Hope and Skepticism in DRC - Peace News NetworkDRC-Rwanda Peace Agreement Greeted with Hope and Skepticism in DRC  Peace News Network

Khubarada Qaramada Midoobay ayaa eedayn dusha u saaray Rwanda iyo Uganda - Horseed MediaKhubarada Qaramada Midoobay ayaa eedayn dusha u saaray Rwanda iyo Uganda  Horseed Media

IFC lists Rwf24bn corporate bond on Rwanda Stock Exchange| The New Times - The New TimesIFC lists Rwf24bn corporate bond on Rwanda Stock Exchange| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda, Congo sign peace deal in US to end fighting, attract investment - ReutersRwanda, Congo sign peace deal in US to end fighting, attract investment  Reuters

BAH vs RWN Dream11 Prediction Today Rwanda T20I Tri-Series 2025 Match 1, Fantasy Cricket Tips - CricadiumBAH vs RWN Dream11 Prediction Today Rwanda T20I Tri-Series 2025 Match 1, Fantasy Cricket Tips  Cricadium

ATLAS Space Operations enhances global ground station network + support for COSMIC-2 with a new antenna in Rwanda - news.satnews.comATLAS Space Operations enhances global ground station network + support for COSMIC-2 with a new antenna in Rwanda  news.satnews.com

Rwanda’s image abroad: how western countries are beginning to turn their backs - The ConversationRwanda’s image abroad: how western countries are beginning to turn their backs  The Conversation

The Rwanda-DRC peace deal must include the voices of the voiceless - Al JazeeraThe Rwanda-DRC peace deal must include the voices of the voiceless  Al Jazeera

Paris Saint-Germain Legends Begin Immersive Visit to Rwanda - CNBC AfricaParis Saint-Germain Legends Begin Immersive Visit to Rwanda  CNBC Africa

Rwandan army had 'critical' role in DR Congo offensive: UN experts - The New Indian ExpressRwandan army had 'critical' role in DR Congo offensive: UN experts  The New Indian Express

IFC Lists Rwf 24 Billion Green Bond on Rwanda Stock Exchange - KT PRESSIFC Lists Rwf 24 Billion Green Bond on Rwanda Stock Exchange  KT PRESS

UN reflects on the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda - UN NewsUN reflects on the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda  UN News

The grid is weak. The bikes are electric. Rwanda is betting it'll work anyway - BBCThe grid is weak. The bikes are electric. Rwanda is betting it'll work anyway  BBC

Security Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo - UN NewsSecurity Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo  UN News

Congo drops demand for immediate Rwandan troop pullout, sources say - ReutersCongo drops demand for immediate Rwandan troop pullout, sources say  Reuters

Ahead of Africa’s Catholic Bishops’ Assembly in Rwanda, SECAM Highlights Plenary Purpose, Participants, Vision - aciafrica.orgAhead of Africa’s Catholic Bishops’ Assembly in Rwanda, SECAM Highlights Plenary Purpose, Participants, Vision  aciafrica.org

Joint Statement on Peace Talks between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, Mediated by the United States and Observed by the State of Qatar - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Joint Statement on Peace Talks between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, Mediated by the United States and Observed by the State of Qatar  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Guterres welcomes peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda - UN NewsGuterres welcomes peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda  UN News

Will the United States deport people to Rwanda? - Al JazeeraWill the United States deport people to Rwanda?  Al Jazeera

The United States Hosts Signing of Declaration of Principles Between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Government of Rwanda - U.S. Department of State (.gov)The United States Hosts Signing of Declaration of Principles Between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Government of Rwanda  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Trump has brought ‘sense of urgency’ to ending Rwanda conflict, DR Congo says - Financial TimesTrump has brought ‘sense of urgency’ to ending Rwanda conflict, DR Congo says  Financial Times

African Catholic Bishops to chart church’s future in Rwanda Assembly - APAnews - Agence de Presse AfricaineAfrican Catholic Bishops to chart church’s future in Rwanda Assembly  APAnews - Agence de Presse Africaine

Congo and Rwanda sign a US-mediated peace deal aimed at ending decades of bloody conflict - AP NewsCongo and Rwanda sign a US-mediated peace deal aimed at ending decades of bloody conflict  AP News

Senegal and Rwanda achieve WHO Maturity Level 3 in medicines regulation - World Health Organization (WHO)Senegal and Rwanda achieve WHO Maturity Level 3 in medicines regulation  World Health Organization (WHO)

Dozens of white rhinos relocated from South Africa to Rwanda - Al JazeeraDozens of white rhinos relocated from South Africa to Rwanda  Al Jazeera

Rwanda and DR Congo to sign US-mediated peace agreement - France 24Rwanda and DR Congo to sign US-mediated peace agreement  France 24

DR Congo, Rwanda agree to draft peace deal by May 2 - Al JazeeraDR Congo, Rwanda agree to draft peace deal by May 2  Al Jazeera

IAF and Rwanda Space Agency to Host GLOC 2026 in Kigali, Rwanda - SpaceWatch.GLOBALIAF and Rwanda Space Agency to Host GLOC 2026 in Kigali, Rwanda  SpaceWatch.GLOBAL

Indian Consultancy Firm Seeks to Transform Rwanda’s Business Sector - KT PRESSIndian Consultancy Firm Seeks to Transform Rwanda’s Business Sector  KT PRESS

ATIDI approves $84m counter-guarantee to support financing of Rwanda’s new international airport - EnviroNews NigeriaATIDI approves $84m counter-guarantee to support financing of Rwanda’s new international airport  EnviroNews Nigeria

The long arm of Kigali: Rwanda’s use of organized crime for geopolitical interests - Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC)The long arm of Kigali: Rwanda’s use of organized crime for geopolitical interests  Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC)

World Report 2025: Rights Trends in Rwanda - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Rights Trends in Rwanda  Human Rights Watch

Rwanda, M23 and Goma: Déjà-vu - ISPIRwanda, M23 and Goma: Déjà-vu  ISPI

From SIM Cards to Savings: How Rwanda’s Central Bank is Banking on Rural Women - KT PRESSFrom SIM Cards to Savings: How Rwanda’s Central Bank is Banking on Rural Women  KT PRESS

Outreach Programme on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and the United Nations - Welcome to the United NationsOutreach Programme on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and the United Nations  Welcome to the United Nations

Club Atlético de Madrid - Visit Rwanda becomes new official Atleti sponsor - Página oficial del Atlético de MadridClub Atlético de Madrid - Visit Rwanda becomes new official Atleti sponsor  Página oficial del Atlético de Madrid

Seven things to know about Rwanda’s new learning pathways| The New Times - The New TimesSeven things to know about Rwanda’s new learning pathways| The New Times  The New Times

EU parliament calls for end to Rwanda mineral pact over DRC conflict links - MongabayEU parliament calls for end to Rwanda mineral pact over DRC conflict links  Mongabay

As two African nations sign a peace deal, Trump wants credit. But some fear peace may still elude them - CNNAs two African nations sign a peace deal, Trump wants credit. But some fear peace may still elude them  CNN