Rwanda

Country Rwanda
Capital Kigali
Continent Africa
Currency Rwandan franc(RWF)
Languages Kinyarwanda, French & English

Information

Introduction

In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remained in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; the former Zaire) and formed an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF tried in 1990. Rwanda held its first local elections in 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in 2003. Rwanda in 2009 staged a joint military operation with the Congolese Army in DRC to rout out the Hutu extremist insurgency there and Kigali and Kinshasa restored diplomatic relations. Rwanda also joined the Commonwealth in late 2009.

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References

Rwanda - Wikipedia
Rwanda - CIA World Fact Book
Rwanda - BBC
Rwanda - Timeline - BBC

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USA: Rwandan diaspora homecoming set for August 2026| The New Times - The New TimesUSA: Rwandan diaspora homecoming set for August 2026| The New Times  The New Times

Africa News Live Updates: Rwandan macadamia farmers face crisis as prices plunge - FirstpostAfrica News Live Updates: Rwandan macadamia farmers face crisis as prices plunge  Firstpost

Mayor of Riyadh attends Rwanda national day celebration - Arab NewsMayor of Riyadh attends Rwanda national day celebration  Arab News

Minerals for peace? How to make the Rwanda-DRC deal stick. - Human Rights WatchMinerals for peace? How to make the Rwanda-DRC deal stick.  Human Rights Watch

PRESS RELEASE: Shora I Rwanda: BK invites Rwandans abroad to invest in Rwanda’s future at 2025 Convention USA| The New Times - The New TimesPRESS RELEASE: Shora I Rwanda: BK invites Rwandans abroad to invest in Rwanda’s future at 2025 Convention USA| The New Times  The New Times

Ideological clarity as the cornerstone of Rwanda’s liberation| The New Times - The New TimesIdeological clarity as the cornerstone of Rwanda’s liberation| The New Times  The New Times

No force can reverse Rwanda’s liberation| The New Times - The New TimesNo force can reverse Rwanda’s liberation| The New Times  The New Times

Ineza joins Rwanda camp for Women’s Afrobasket 2025| The New Times - The New TimesIneza joins Rwanda camp for Women’s Afrobasket 2025| The New Times  The New Times

Arsenal’s McCabe, Foord and Codina visit Rwanda| The New Times - The New TimesArsenal’s McCabe, Foord and Codina visit Rwanda| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda’s Rwf280bn digital project halfway done – official| The New Times - The New TimesRwanda’s Rwf280bn digital project halfway done – official| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda president unsure if DRC peace deal will hold, warns against ‘tricks’ - Al JazeeraRwanda president unsure if DRC peace deal will hold, warns against ‘tricks’  Al Jazeera

Rwanda and Congo’s Unstable Peace - Foreign PolicyRwanda and Congo’s Unstable Peace  Foreign Policy

The DR Congo-Rwanda Deal: Now Comes the Hard Part - International Crisis GroupThe DR Congo-Rwanda Deal: Now Comes the Hard Part  International Crisis Group

DR Congo's M23 conflict: What is the fighting about and is Rwanda involved? - BBCDR Congo's M23 conflict: What is the fighting about and is Rwanda involved?  BBC

Could Trump's Congo-Rwanda mineral deals actually save lives? - Responsible StatecraftCould Trump's Congo-Rwanda mineral deals actually save lives?  Responsible Statecraft

Rwanda National Day - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Rwanda National Day  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Major Rwandan coltan exporter bought smuggled minerals, a UN report says - ReutersMajor Rwandan coltan exporter bought smuggled minerals, a UN report says  Reuters

Rwanda Builds a Peaceful Future Through Judo - IJF.org - International Judo FederationRwanda Builds a Peaceful Future Through Judo  IJF.org - International Judo Federation

DRC and Rwanda sign a US-brokered peace deal: what are the chances of its success? - The ConversationDRC and Rwanda sign a US-brokered peace deal: what are the chances of its success?  The Conversation

DRC-Rwanda peace deal: What you need to know - DWDRC-Rwanda peace deal: What you need to know  DW

Can the DRC-Rwanda deal deliver peace? - Al JazeeraCan the DRC-Rwanda deal deliver peace?  Al Jazeera

Rwanda's Kagame unsure whether peace deal with Congo will hold - ReutersRwanda's Kagame unsure whether peace deal with Congo will hold  Reuters

Turning point or pointless turn: Will DR Congo-Rwanda deal bring peace? - Al JazeeraTurning point or pointless turn: Will DR Congo-Rwanda deal bring peace?  Al Jazeera

DR Congo, Rwanda sign peace deal in ‘turning point’ after years of conflict - Al JazeeraDR Congo, Rwanda sign peace deal in ‘turning point’ after years of conflict  Al Jazeera

DR Congo and Rwanda to sign peace agreement on June 27 - Al JazeeraDR Congo and Rwanda to sign peace agreement on June 27  Al Jazeera

Qatar emphasises peaceful resolution of conflicts after DRC-Rwanda deal - Al JazeeraQatar emphasises peaceful resolution of conflicts after DRC-Rwanda deal  Al Jazeera

DR Congo and Rwanda sign peace deal after years of war - Al JazeeraDR Congo and Rwanda sign peace deal after years of war  Al Jazeera

DRC and Rwanda to strike Trump-brokered peace deal: All to know - Al JazeeraDRC and Rwanda to strike Trump-brokered peace deal: All to know  Al Jazeera

Dozens of white rhinos relocated from South Africa to Rwanda - Al JazeeraDozens of white rhinos relocated from South Africa to Rwanda  Al Jazeera

Exclusive: Rwanda exercises command and control over M23 rebels, say UN experts - ReutersExclusive: Rwanda exercises command and control over M23 rebels, say UN experts  Reuters

Rwanda Celebrates 31 Years of Liberation in Morocco - Morocco World NewsRwanda Celebrates 31 Years of Liberation in Morocco  Morocco World News

POWERCHINA goes the extra mile with the Rwanda Nyabarongo River II Hydroelectric Project - Green Building AfricaPOWERCHINA goes the extra mile with the Rwanda Nyabarongo River II Hydroelectric Project  Green Building Africa

Eastern DRC: M23 obeys Rwanda’s orders, latest UN report reveals - The Africa Report.comEastern DRC: M23 obeys Rwanda’s orders, latest UN report reveals  The Africa Report.com

Mineral Smuggling From Congo to Rwanda at ‘Unprecedented Levels’, UN Says - BloombergMineral Smuggling From Congo to Rwanda at ‘Unprecedented Levels’, UN Says  Bloomberg

Experts react: The DRC and Rwanda agreed to a US-backed peace deal. Can critical minerals help end this conflict? - Atlantic CouncilExperts react: The DRC and Rwanda agreed to a US-backed peace deal. Can critical minerals help end this conflict?  Atlantic Council

Critical Minerals, Fragile Peace: The DRC-Rwanda Deal and the Cost of Ignoring Root Causes - CSIS | Center for Strategic and International StudiesCritical Minerals, Fragile Peace: The DRC-Rwanda Deal and the Cost of Ignoring Root Causes  CSIS | Center for Strategic and International Studies

Scepticism in Goma over peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda - BBCScepticism in Goma over peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda  BBC

EV24.africa Fuels Rwanda’s Electric Vehicle Revolution as Market Grows from 19 to 512+ EVs - Tech In AfricaEV24.africa Fuels Rwanda’s Electric Vehicle Revolution as Market Grows from 19 to 512+ EVs  Tech In Africa

Joint Statement on Peace Talks between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, Mediated by the United States and Observed by the State of Qatar - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Joint Statement on Peace Talks between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, Mediated by the United States and Observed by the State of Qatar  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

DR Congo-Rwanda ceasefire deal still faces many challenges - BBCDR Congo-Rwanda ceasefire deal still faces many challenges  BBC

DR Congo and Rwanda sign long-awaited peace deal in Washington - BBCDR Congo and Rwanda sign long-awaited peace deal in Washington  BBC

Rwanda and DR Congo agree draft peace deal to end conflict - BBCRwanda and DR Congo agree draft peace deal to end conflict  BBC

Rwanda Will Adhere to US-Backed Congo Peace Deal, Kagame Says - BloombergRwanda Will Adhere to US-Backed Congo Peace Deal, Kagame Says  Bloomberg

Secretary of State Marco Rubio at the Signing of the DRC-Rwanda Peace Agreement - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Secretary of State Marco Rubio at the Signing of the DRC-Rwanda Peace Agreement  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Rwanda’s Travel & Tourism Sector Broke all Records in 2024, reveals WTTC - World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)Rwanda’s Travel & Tourism Sector Broke all Records in 2024, reveals WTTC  World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)

UN accuses Rwanda of using M23 to access DR Congo’s minerals - SemaforUN accuses Rwanda of using M23 to access DR Congo’s minerals  Semafor

DRC: Peace deal with Rwanda fails to address serious crimes committed in eastern DRC - Amnesty InternationalDRC: Peace deal with Rwanda fails to address serious crimes committed in eastern DRC  Amnesty International

Rwanda pledges to deliver on its part of US-brokered peace deal with DR Congo - Anadolu AjansiRwanda pledges to deliver on its part of US-brokered peace deal with DR Congo  Anadolu Ajansi

Trump eyes mineral wealth as Rwanda and DRC sign controversial peace deal in US - The GuardianTrump eyes mineral wealth as Rwanda and DRC sign controversial peace deal in US  The Guardian

Rwanda, DRC initial peace agreement ahead of signing next week - ReutersRwanda, DRC initial peace agreement ahead of signing next week  Reuters

Rwanda and DR Congo to sign US-mediated peace agreement - France 24Rwanda and DR Congo to sign US-mediated peace agreement  France 24

Rwanda, Congo sign peace deal in US to end fighting, attract investment - ReutersRwanda, Congo sign peace deal in US to end fighting, attract investment  Reuters

Rwanda-DR Congo peace deal is 'historic', Trump's Africa envoy Boulos says - Tête à tête - France 24Rwanda-DR Congo peace deal is 'historic', Trump's Africa envoy Boulos says - Tête à tête  France 24

Seventy southern white rhinos arrive at their new home in Rwanda from South Africa - MongabaySeventy southern white rhinos arrive at their new home in Rwanda from South Africa  Mongabay

DR Congo and Rwanda initial a preliminary peace agreement, will formally sign document in Washington - Le Monde.frDR Congo and Rwanda initial a preliminary peace agreement, will formally sign document in Washington  Le Monde.fr

Mozambique Maputo resumes funding Rwandan forces tasked with securing Mozambique LNG - Africa IntelligenceMozambique Maputo resumes funding Rwandan forces tasked with securing Mozambique LNG  Africa Intelligence

The DR Congo-Rwanda Deal, Trump’s Mediation and African Politics - International Crisis GroupThe DR Congo-Rwanda Deal, Trump’s Mediation and African Politics  International Crisis Group

Congo and Rwanda will sign a peace deal on June 27, a major step in ending fighting in eastern Congo - AP NewsCongo and Rwanda will sign a peace deal on June 27, a major step in ending fighting in eastern Congo  AP News

The Rwanda-DRC peace deal must include the voices of the voiceless - Al JazeeraThe Rwanda-DRC peace deal must include the voices of the voiceless  Al Jazeera

Congo and Rwanda sign a US-mediated peace deal aimed at ending decades of bloody conflict - AP NewsCongo and Rwanda sign a US-mediated peace deal aimed at ending decades of bloody conflict  AP News

The long arm of Kigali: Rwanda’s use of organized crime for geopolitical interests - Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC)The long arm of Kigali: Rwanda’s use of organized crime for geopolitical interests  Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC)

Rwanda pledges to uphold commitments in U.S.-brokered peace deal with DR Congo - Latest news from AzerbaijanRwanda pledges to uphold commitments in U.S.-brokered peace deal with DR Congo  Latest news from Azerbaijan

Rwanda’s image abroad: how western countries are beginning to turn their backs - The ConversationRwanda’s image abroad: how western countries are beginning to turn their backs  The Conversation

Rwanda arrests opposition leader Ingabire, her lawyer protests - ReutersRwanda arrests opposition leader Ingabire, her lawyer protests  Reuters

UN Report Links Rwandan-Russian Firm to Smuggled Congolese Minerals, Funding Conflict - DNE AfricaUN Report Links Rwandan-Russian Firm to Smuggled Congolese Minerals, Funding Conflict  DNE Africa

Senegal and Rwanda achieve WHO Maturity Level 3 in medicines regulation - World Health Organization (WHO)Senegal and Rwanda achieve WHO Maturity Level 3 in medicines regulation  World Health Organization (WHO)

Rwanda pulls out of regional bloc over DR Congo row - BBCRwanda pulls out of regional bloc over DR Congo row  BBC

Will the United States deport people to Rwanda? - Al JazeeraWill the United States deport people to Rwanda?  Al Jazeera

UN experts say Rwanda supported rebels in Congo and smuggled minerals at ‘unprecedented levels’ - AP NewsUN experts say Rwanda supported rebels in Congo and smuggled minerals at ‘unprecedented levels’  AP News

DR Congo and Rwanda set to sign US-brokered peace deal - Euronews.comDR Congo and Rwanda set to sign US-brokered peace deal  Euronews.com

The grid is weak. The bikes are electric. Rwanda is betting it'll work anyway - BBCThe grid is weak. The bikes are electric. Rwanda is betting it'll work anyway  BBC

Security Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo - UN NewsSecurity Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo  UN News

Will a new deal end war in eastern DR Congo? - Al JazeeraWill a new deal end war in eastern DR Congo?  Al Jazeera

70 rhinos reared at controversial captive breeding farm set free in Rwanda - CNN70 rhinos reared at controversial captive breeding farm set free in Rwanda  CNN

Congo and Rwanda Sign a Peace Accord in Washington - WSJCongo and Rwanda Sign a Peace Accord in Washington  WSJ

Congo and Rwanda near truce after Donald Trump push - Financial TimesCongo and Rwanda near truce after Donald Trump push  Financial Times

Now, Tanzania Joins Zanzibar, Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda In Implementing Mandatory Travel Insurance for Foreign Nationals: All You Need To Know About This Latest Update - Travel And Tour WorldNow, Tanzania Joins Zanzibar, Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda In Implementing Mandatory Travel Insurance for Foreign Nationals: All You Need To Know About This Latest Update  Travel And Tour World

How Rwanda is beating back hepatitis B - Gavi, the Vaccine AllianceHow Rwanda is beating back hepatitis B  Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance

The United States Hosts Signing of Declaration of Principles Between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Government of Rwanda - U.S. Department of State (.gov)The United States Hosts Signing of Declaration of Principles Between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Government of Rwanda  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Hamilton’s ‘Mr. Chips’ dishes out fast food in Rwanda - The SpecHamilton’s ‘Mr. Chips’ dishes out fast food in Rwanda  The Spec

Why Africa, Asia hold market potential for Rwandan coffee, tea| The New Times - The New TimesWhy Africa, Asia hold market potential for Rwandan coffee, tea| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda, M23 and Goma: Déjà-vu - ISPIRwanda, M23 and Goma: Déjà-vu  ISPI

As two African nations sign a peace deal, Trump wants credit. But some fear peace may still elude them - CNNAs two African nations sign a peace deal, Trump wants credit. But some fear peace may still elude them  CNN

World Report 2025: Rights Trends in Rwanda - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Rights Trends in Rwanda  Human Rights Watch

US wins big in Rwanda, Congo peace agreement - The EastAfricanUS wins big in Rwanda, Congo peace agreement  The EastAfrican

Rwanda travel - Lonely PlanetRwanda travel  Lonely Planet

DR Congo, Rwanda agree to draft peace deal by May 2 - Al JazeeraDR Congo, Rwanda agree to draft peace deal by May 2  Al Jazeera

From Rwanda to Ecuador, these women are leading the shift to electric transport - UNEP - UN Environment ProgrammeFrom Rwanda to Ecuador, these women are leading the shift to electric transport  UNEP - UN Environment Programme

Club Atlético de Madrid - Visit Rwanda becomes new official Atleti sponsor - Página oficial del Atlético de MadridClub Atlético de Madrid - Visit Rwanda becomes new official Atleti sponsor  Página oficial del Atlético de Madrid

UN reflects on the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda - UN NewsUN reflects on the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda  UN News

Rwanda's Kagame vows his country will deliver its part in DRC peace deal - TRT GlobalRwanda's Kagame vows his country will deliver its part in DRC peace deal  TRT Global

Rwanda and Congo Sign U.S.-Brokered Peace Treaty - The New York TimesRwanda and Congo Sign U.S.-Brokered Peace Treaty  The New York Times

DRC cuts diplomatic ties with Rwanda over violence, UN calls emergency meet - Al JazeeraDRC cuts diplomatic ties with Rwanda over violence, UN calls emergency meet  Al Jazeera

Rwanda severs diplomatic ties with Belgium - Al JazeeraRwanda severs diplomatic ties with Belgium  Al Jazeera

Rwanda confirms talks with US over receiving deported migrants - Al JazeeraRwanda confirms talks with US over receiving deported migrants  Al Jazeera

US pushes for June peace deal between Rwanda and Congo - ReutersUS pushes for June peace deal between Rwanda and Congo  Reuters

Scrapping Rwanda policy ‘key to getting France to discuss migrants’ - The TimesScrapping Rwanda policy ‘key to getting France to discuss migrants’  The Times

Rwanda in Mozambique: Limits to civilian protection - ACLEDRwanda in Mozambique: Limits to civilian protection  ACLED

DR Congo and Rwanda vow to agree peace plan by 2 May - BBCDR Congo and Rwanda vow to agree peace plan by 2 May  BBC

Diaspora youth urged to lead Rwanda’s rebirth| The New Times - The New TimesDiaspora youth urged to lead Rwanda’s rebirth| The New Times  The New Times