Bosnia and Herzegovina

Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital Sarajevo
Continent Europe
Currency Convertible Mark(BAM)
Languages Bosnian, Croatian & Serbian

Information

Introduction

Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991 was followed by a declaration of independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "Greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that brought to a halt three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Peace Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a multi-ethnic and democratic government charged with conducting foreign, diplomatic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments were charged with overseeing most government functions. The Dayton Accords also established the Office of the High Representative (OHR) to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. The Peace Implementation Council (PIC) at its conference in Bonn in 1997 also gave the High Representative the authority to impose legislation and remove officials, the so-called "Bonn Powers." In 1995-96, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops served in Bosnia to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) whose mission was to deter renewed hostilities. European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR in December 2004; their mission is to maintain peace and stability throughout the country. EUFOR's mission changed from peacekeeping to civil policing in October 2007, with its presence reduced from nearly 7,000 to less than 2,500 troops. Troop strength at the end of 2009 stood at roughly 2,000. In January 2010, Bosnia and Herzegovina assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2010-11 term.

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References

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Wikipedia
Bosnia and Herzegovina - CIA World Fact Book
Bosnia and Herzegovina - BBC
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Timeline - BBC

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New Roads Boost Jobs, Connectivity, and Growth in Bosnia and Herzegovina - World BankNew Roads Boost Jobs, Connectivity, and Growth in Bosnia and Herzegovina  World Bank

Minister for Foreign Affairs visits Bosnia and Herzegovina - Government.seMinister for Foreign Affairs visits Bosnia and Herzegovina  Government.se

IFAD in Bosnia and Herzegovina - IFADIFAD in Bosnia and Herzegovina  IFAD

Islamic Relief in Bosnia and Herzegovina: ‘We support people in need’ - Islamic Relief UKIslamic Relief in Bosnia and Herzegovina: ‘We support people in need’  Islamic Relief UK

Majority shareholder of Bosnia's Mikrofin plans buyout offer - SeeNewsMajority shareholder of Bosnia's Mikrofin plans buyout offer  SeeNews

2025 News items - Members advance Bosnia and Herzegovina's WTO accession negotiations closer to conclusion - World Trade Organization2025 News items - Members advance Bosnia and Herzegovina's WTO accession negotiations closer to conclusion  World Trade Organization

Rebuilding Trust, One Municipality at a Time in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Welcome to the United NationsRebuilding Trust, One Municipality at a Time in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Welcome to the United Nations

Thirty years after Srebrenica, is Bosnia and Herzegovina a viable state? - European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR)Thirty years after Srebrenica, is Bosnia and Herzegovina a viable state?  European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR)

CEC of Bosnia and Herzegovina awards International IDEA a Certificate of Appreciation - International IDEACEC of Bosnia and Herzegovina awards International IDEA a Certificate of Appreciation  International IDEA

Bosnia and Herzegovina relives the trauma of Srebrenica 30 years after the genocide - EL PAÍS EnglishBosnia and Herzegovina relives the trauma of Srebrenica 30 years after the genocide  EL PAÍS English

Bosnia and Herzegovina: 30th anniversary of Srebrenica massacre “a painful reminder from history” - Amnesty InternationalBosnia and Herzegovina: 30th anniversary of Srebrenica massacre “a painful reminder from history”  Amnesty International

Bosnia and Herzegovina: advancing health reform with a focus on community-based primary health care - World Health Organization (WHO)Bosnia and Herzegovina: advancing health reform with a focus on community-based primary health care  World Health Organization (WHO)

Bosnian leader stresses terror group FETO must still be condemned in strongest terms - Anadolu AjansiBosnian leader stresses terror group FETO must still be condemned in strongest terms  Anadolu Ajansi

Verdict on Mittal Groups USD 400-mn claim against Bosnia and Herzegovina likely in a month: Co official - MintVerdict on Mittal Groups USD 400-mn claim against Bosnia and Herzegovina likely in a month: Co official  Mint

Bosnian media reveals Russian training network in the Balkans: Moldovans recruited in camps in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina were trained for violent protests - Gazeta ExpressBosnian media reveals Russian training network in the Balkans: Moldovans recruited in camps in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina were trained for violent protests  Gazeta Express

Disruptors: Inside Russia’s Balkan Training Camps for Moldovan ‘Destabilisation’ - Balkan InsightDisruptors: Inside Russia’s Balkan Training Camps for Moldovan ‘Destabilisation’  Balkan Insight

News: NATO and Bosnia and Herzegovina boost practical cooperation, 10-Jun.-2025 - NATONews: NATO and Bosnia and Herzegovina boost practical cooperation, 10-Jun.-2025  NATO

Bosnia's Zeljeznice RS to cut capital to cover losses - SeeNewsBosnia's Zeljeznice RS to cut capital to cover losses  SeeNews

Security Council urged to stand firm as Bosnia and Herzegovina faces deepening crisis - UN NewsSecurity Council urged to stand firm as Bosnia and Herzegovina faces deepening crisis  UN News

Can people afford to pay for health care? New analysis sheds light on financial protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina - World Health Organization (WHO)Can people afford to pay for health care? New analysis sheds light on financial protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina  World Health Organization (WHO)

Bosnia and Herzegovina to issue inaugural €350m bond - Investing.comBosnia and Herzegovina to issue inaugural €350m bond  Investing.com

A Matter of Choice: Reimagining Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Age of AI - United Nations Development ProgrammeA Matter of Choice: Reimagining Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Age of AI  United Nations Development Programme

Srebrenica 30 years later: Memory, truth, and the fight against denial - Civil Rights DefendersSrebrenica 30 years later: Memory, truth, and the fight against denial  Civil Rights Defenders

Srebrenica at 30: Why this turning point for international justice still matters - Lowy InstituteSrebrenica at 30: Why this turning point for international justice still matters  Lowy Institute

Focus - Three decades on, Bosnian town of Srebrenica still haunted by genocide - France 24Focus - Three decades on, Bosnian town of Srebrenica still haunted by genocide  France 24

U.N. investigator says she was shocked by U.S. sanctions for her views on Israel’s war in Gaza - The HinduU.N. investigator says she was shocked by U.S. sanctions for her views on Israel’s war in Gaza  The Hindu

The Duchess of Edinburgh visits Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Royal FamilyThe Duchess of Edinburgh visits Bosnia and Herzegovina  The Royal Family

Police officers in Bosnia and Herzegovina gain vital skills to recognise, prevent, and combat digital violence against women - Council of EuropePolice officers in Bosnia and Herzegovina gain vital skills to recognise, prevent, and combat digital violence against women  Council of Europe

Standing up, speaking out: Journalists from Bosnia and Herzegovina empowered for combating gender-based violence - Council of EuropeStanding up, speaking out: Journalists from Bosnia and Herzegovina empowered for combating gender-based violence  Council of Europe

Trump Slaps Heavy Tariffs on Serbia and Bosnia - Balkan InsightTrump Slaps Heavy Tariffs on Serbia and Bosnia  Balkan Insight

Bosnia and Herzegovina 21 March: Lectures and publication launch - Food and Agriculture OrganizationBosnia and Herzegovina 21 March: Lectures and publication launch  Food and Agriculture Organization

Can Bosnia and Herzegovina “survive” after the top court ruling against Milorad Dodik? - European Western BalkansCan Bosnia and Herzegovina “survive” after the top court ruling against Milorad Dodik?  European Western Balkans

Bosnia, 30 years on: the looming crisis in the Balkans - Financial TimesBosnia, 30 years on: the looming crisis in the Balkans  Financial Times

Bridges of Trust: Through a Culture of Remembrance, Youth Build Just Society - United Nations Development ProgrammeBridges of Trust: Through a Culture of Remembrance, Youth Build Just Society  United Nations Development Programme

Internet spots Donald Trump's embarrassing typo in tariff letter to Bosnia leader - India TodayInternet spots Donald Trump's embarrassing typo in tariff letter to Bosnia leader  India Today

Zeljko Komsic Appointed Chairman of the Presidency of BiH - Sarajevo TimesZeljko Komsic Appointed Chairman of the Presidency of BiH  Sarajevo Times

Bosnia and Herzegovina—Country Climate and Development Report - World BankBosnia and Herzegovina—Country Climate and Development Report  World Bank

Thirty years after the Srebrenica genocide, Bosnia and Herzegovina remains a land suspended between memory and oblivion - New Eastern EuropeThirty years after the Srebrenica genocide, Bosnia and Herzegovina remains a land suspended between memory and oblivion  New Eastern Europe

Gender equality as a path to empowerment for refugee women and survivors of sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina - United Nations Population FundGender equality as a path to empowerment for refugee women and survivors of sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina  United Nations Population Fund

Thousands gather in Srebrenica on 30th anniversary of Europe’s only acknowledged genocide since WWII - PBSThousands gather in Srebrenica on 30th anniversary of Europe’s only acknowledged genocide since WWII  PBS

Forest restoration restores ecosystems and strengthens rural communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Food and Agriculture OrganizationForest restoration restores ecosystems and strengthens rural communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Food and Agriculture Organization

Kos congratulates Bosnia and Herzegovina on adopting the Reform Agenda - European Western BalkansKos congratulates Bosnia and Herzegovina on adopting the Reform Agenda  European Western Balkans

‘Most dangerous moment since 1995’: renegade Dodik leaves Bosnia in limbo - The Guardian‘Most dangerous moment since 1995’: renegade Dodik leaves Bosnia in limbo  The Guardian

Call for Applications: MATRA Program in Bosnia and Herzegovina - fundsforNGOsCall for Applications: MATRA Program in Bosnia and Herzegovina  fundsforNGOs

‘Worst-Case Scenario’: Fears Grow Among Post-War Returnees in Bosnia - Balkan Insight‘Worst-Case Scenario’: Fears Grow Among Post-War Returnees in Bosnia  Balkan Insight

Bosnia's Solana Tuzla to distribute higher dividend for 2024 - SeeNewsBosnia's Solana Tuzla to distribute higher dividend for 2024  SeeNews

Bosnia marks 30 years since Srebrenica massacre - DWBosnia marks 30 years since Srebrenica massacre  DW

Bosnia and Herzegovina ratifies the 2019 Global Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education - UNESCOBosnia and Herzegovina ratifies the 2019 Global Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education  UNESCO

How Bosnia and Herzegovina’s National Parks Are Becoming Beacons of Resilience - United Nations Development ProgrammeHow Bosnia and Herzegovina’s National Parks Are Becoming Beacons of Resilience  United Nations Development Programme

Digital 2025: Bosnia And Herzegovina - DataReportal – Global Digital InsightsDigital 2025: Bosnia And Herzegovina  DataReportal – Global Digital Insights

Srebrenica Genocide 30 years on: Supporting Bosnia’s orphans - Islamic Relief UKSrebrenica Genocide 30 years on: Supporting Bosnia’s orphans  Islamic Relief UK

Collaboration is key to successful land management in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Food and Agriculture OrganizationCollaboration is key to successful land management in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Food and Agriculture Organization

Bosnia-Herzegovina - EBRDBosnia-Herzegovina  EBRD

Bosnia and Herzegovina Urged to Strengthen Efforts Against Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing - Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina Urged to Strengthen Efforts Against Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing  Council of Europe

Srebrenica Genocide: 30 years on - Islamic Relief WorldwideSrebrenica Genocide: 30 years on  Islamic Relief Worldwide

SIPA is investigating the Financing of the People and Justice Party - Sarajevo TimesSIPA is investigating the Financing of the People and Justice Party  Sarajevo Times

Blog: A shocking but rewarding week in Bosnia - Islamic Relief WorldwideBlog: A shocking but rewarding week in Bosnia  Islamic Relief Worldwide

Bosnia-Herzegovina Country Report 2025 - Genocide WatchBosnia-Herzegovina Country Report 2025  Genocide Watch

Bosnia-Herzegovina: Families commemorate Srebrenica massacre 30 years on - France 24Bosnia-Herzegovina: Families commemorate Srebrenica massacre 30 years on  France 24

World Report 2025: Bosnia and Herzegovina - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Bosnia and Herzegovina  Human Rights Watch

Constitutional Standoff in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Drama in Four Acts (So Far) - ConstitutionNetConstitutional Standoff in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Drama in Four Acts (So Far)  ConstitutionNet

Why Bosnia has Europe on edge again - DWWhy Bosnia has Europe on edge again  DW

Consumer Basket in BiH for June amounts to 3,180 BAM - Sarajevo TimesConsumer Basket in BiH for June amounts to 3,180 BAM  Sarajevo Times

From Fugitive to Negotiator: Dodik’s ‘Surrender’ Catches Bosnia by Surprise - Balkan InsightFrom Fugitive to Negotiator: Dodik’s ‘Surrender’ Catches Bosnia by Surprise  Balkan Insight

Protecting Freedom of Expression Against Defamation and SLAPPs in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Council of EuropeProtecting Freedom of Expression Against Defamation and SLAPPs in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Council of Europe

2024 News items - WTO delegation visits Bosnia and Herzegovina to advance accession negotiations - World Trade Organization2024 News items - WTO delegation visits Bosnia and Herzegovina to advance accession negotiations  World Trade Organization

Election administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina proposes steps for improving election process based on lessons learned in 2024 - Council of EuropeElection administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina proposes steps for improving election process based on lessons learned in 2024  Council of Europe

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Rights of Detained Migrants at Risk - Human Rights WatchBosnia and Herzegovina: Rights of Detained Migrants at Risk  Human Rights Watch

Local elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina: improved electoral process but lack of genuine public engagement - Council of EuropeLocal elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina: improved electoral process but lack of genuine public engagement  Council of Europe

Grand Chamber conclusions in a case concerning Bosnia and Herzegovina - ECHRGrand Chamber conclusions in a case concerning Bosnia and Herzegovina  ECHR

‘The voices of our dead have not faded away’: the fight for the memory of genocide in Srebrenica - The Guardian‘The voices of our dead have not faded away’: the fight for the memory of genocide in Srebrenica  The Guardian

What’s at stake for Bosnia and Herzegovina as Milorad Dodik faces a political reckoning? - Atlantic CouncilWhat’s at stake for Bosnia and Herzegovina as Milorad Dodik faces a political reckoning?  Atlantic Council

Bosnia & Herzegovina: BHRT will not return to Eurovision in 2026 - ESCToday.comBosnia & Herzegovina: BHRT will not return to Eurovision in 2026  ESCToday.com

Bosnia's wound, the world's shame: Srebrenica, 30 years on | Daily Sabah - Daily SabahBosnia's wound, the world's shame: Srebrenica, 30 years on | Daily Sabah  Daily Sabah

Nation-Building in Bosnia and Herzegovina: 30 Years of Failure - The Heritage FoundationNation-Building in Bosnia and Herzegovina: 30 Years of Failure  The Heritage Foundation

Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Bosnia and Herzegovina - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Bosnia and Herzegovina  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Srebrenica: Survivor speaks for Bosnians who no longer can - DWSrebrenica: Survivor speaks for Bosnians who no longer can  DW

Bosnia and Herzegovina - consilium.europa.euBosnia and Herzegovina  consilium.europa.eu

UN expert urges Bosnia and Herzegovina authorities to protect human rights defenders - JURIST Legal NewsUN expert urges Bosnia and Herzegovina authorities to protect human rights defenders  JURIST Legal News

Listen to the Future: World Children's Day Celebrated in Bosnia and Herzegovina - UnicefListen to the Future: World Children's Day Celebrated in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Unicef

Study visit for pilot courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina to learn about good practices from European colleagues - Council of EuropeStudy visit for pilot courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina to learn about good practices from European colleagues  Council of Europe

The Bosnian War: Strength in the shadow of Susica - Islamic Relief UKThe Bosnian War: Strength in the shadow of Susica  Islamic Relief UK

Why Duchess Sophie Left her Scarf at Heartbreaking Memorial in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Marie ClaireWhy Duchess Sophie Left her Scarf at Heartbreaking Memorial in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Marie Claire

Bosnia and Herzegovina - General DebateBosnia and Herzegovina  General Debate

Bosnia in 2025: New Year, New Political Crisis - Balkan InsightBosnia in 2025: New Year, New Political Crisis  Balkan Insight

Religious communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina unite to promote interreligious dialogue and tolerance - Council of EuropeReligious communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina unite to promote interreligious dialogue and tolerance  Council of Europe

The unseen toll of floods: Prioritizing mental well-being in Bosnia and Herzegovina - World Health Organization (WHO)The unseen toll of floods: Prioritizing mental well-being in Bosnia and Herzegovina  World Health Organization (WHO)

Bosnians honour Srebrenica genocide victims 30 years on - ReutersBosnians honour Srebrenica genocide victims 30 years on  Reuters

New project in Bosnia and Herzegovina aims to support authorities for combating digital and sexual violence against women - Council of EuropeNew project in Bosnia and Herzegovina aims to support authorities for combating digital and sexual violence against women  Council of Europe

Launch in Bosnia and Herzegovina of the CEPEJ-HELP online training course on the quality of justice - Council of EuropeLaunch in Bosnia and Herzegovina of the CEPEJ-HELP online training course on the quality of justice  Council of Europe

Bosnia in Deadlock as Serbs Strain for Exit - International Crisis GroupBosnia in Deadlock as Serbs Strain for Exit  International Crisis Group

City Mall building retail park in Istocno Sarajevo - report - SeeNewsCity Mall building retail park in Istocno Sarajevo - report  SeeNews

Parliamentary Secretary Oliphant to travel to the Republic of Moldova and Bosnia and Herzegovina - canada.caParliamentary Secretary Oliphant to travel to the Republic of Moldova and Bosnia and Herzegovina  canada.ca

Bosnia and Herzegovina 21 March: 150 years since the discovery of the Serbian spruce - Food and Agriculture OrganizationBosnia and Herzegovina 21 March: 150 years since the discovery of the Serbian spruce  Food and Agriculture Organization

Commission approves new geographical indication ‘Livanjski sir' from Bosnia and Herzegovina - Enlargement and Eastern NeighbourhoodCommission approves new geographical indication ‘Livanjski sir' from Bosnia and Herzegovina  Enlargement and Eastern Neighbourhood

Dr. Nedim Hogic on Corruption and Foreign Influence in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Georgetown Journal of International AffairsDr. Nedim Hogic on Corruption and Foreign Influence in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Georgetown Journal of International Affairs

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Islamic Relief creates a ‘chain of support’ for Bosnian villagers - Islamic Relief UKBosnia and Herzegovina: Islamic Relief creates a ‘chain of support’ for Bosnian villagers  Islamic Relief UK

Bosnia and Herzegovina-San Marino | European Qualifiers 2026 - UEFA.comBosnia and Herzegovina-San Marino | European Qualifiers 2026  UEFA.com

Team China win friendly against Bosnia and Herzegovina - news.cgtn.comTeam China win friendly against Bosnia and Herzegovina  news.cgtn.com

Bosnian Serb police raid federal office as tensions escalate - DWBosnian Serb police raid federal office as tensions escalate  DW