Bosnia and Herzegovina

Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital Sarajevo
Continent Europe
Currency Convertible Mark(BAM)
Languages Bosnian, Croatian & Serbian

Information

Introduction

Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991 was followed by a declaration of independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "Greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that brought to a halt three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Peace Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a multi-ethnic and democratic government charged with conducting foreign, diplomatic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments were charged with overseeing most government functions. The Dayton Accords also established the Office of the High Representative (OHR) to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. The Peace Implementation Council (PIC) at its conference in Bonn in 1997 also gave the High Representative the authority to impose legislation and remove officials, the so-called "Bonn Powers." In 1995-96, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops served in Bosnia to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) whose mission was to deter renewed hostilities. European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR in December 2004; their mission is to maintain peace and stability throughout the country. EUFOR's mission changed from peacekeeping to civil policing in October 2007, with its presence reduced from nearly 7,000 to less than 2,500 troops. Troop strength at the end of 2009 stood at roughly 2,000. In January 2010, Bosnia and Herzegovina assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2010-11 term.

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References

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Wikipedia
Bosnia and Herzegovina - CIA World Fact Book
Bosnia and Herzegovina - BBC
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Timeline - BBC

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Democracy Under Pressure in Bosnia and Herzegovina — The Country at Europe's Doorstep – Le Taurillon - Le TaurillonDemocracy Under Pressure in Bosnia and Herzegovina — The Country at Europe's Doorstep – Le Taurillon  Le Taurillon

Launch: Bosnia and Herzegovina Country Economic Memorandum - World Bank GroupLaunch: Bosnia and Herzegovina Country Economic Memorandum  World Bank Group

Commission proposes to open EU accession negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina and updates on progress ... - European UnionCommission proposes to open EU accession negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina and updates on progress ...  European Union

European Commission to recommend EU accession talks with Bosnia - Al Jazeera EnglishEuropean Commission to recommend EU accession talks with Bosnia  Al Jazeera English

Safety of Journalists: Training in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Freedom of Expression - Council of EuropeSafety of Journalists: Training in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Freedom of Expression  Council of Europe

OFAC: Bosnia & terrorism-connected designations & CAR de-listing - Global SanctionsOFAC: Bosnia & terrorism-connected designations & CAR de-listing  Global Sanctions

Don't frustrate Bosnia and Herzegovina on EU accession, foreign minister warns - POLITICO EuropeDon't frustrate Bosnia and Herzegovina on EU accession, foreign minister warns  POLITICO Europe

Swiss model for Bosnia and Herzegovina » Researches » Ifimes - IfimesSwiss model for Bosnia and Herzegovina » Researches » Ifimes  Ifimes

Bosnia-Herzegovina country profile - BBC.comBosnia-Herzegovina country profile  BBC.com

US Sanctions 3 for Organizing Bosnian Serb 'National Day' - Voice of America - VOA NewsUS Sanctions 3 for Organizing Bosnian Serb 'National Day'  Voice of America - VOA News

UNESCO supports the launch of a Media Lawyers Coalition in Bosnia and Herzegovina - UNESCOUNESCO supports the launch of a Media Lawyers Coalition in Bosnia and Herzegovina  UNESCO

Romania together with Bosnia and Herzegovina exchange best practices on immunization - UNICEFRomania together with Bosnia and Herzegovina exchange best practices on immunization  UNICEF

Where is development finance going in Bosnia and Herzegovina? - Stockholm Environment InstituteWhere is development finance going in Bosnia and Herzegovina?  Stockholm Environment Institute

Brussels recommends EU membership talks with Bosnia and Herzegovina - EuronewsBrussels recommends EU membership talks with Bosnia and Herzegovina  Euronews

Commission recommends opening accession negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina and reports on Moldova’s ... - EU Law LiveCommission recommends opening accession negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina and reports on Moldova’s ...  EU Law Live

19 smugglers arrested in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia | Europol - Europol19 smugglers arrested in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia | Europol  Europol

Round-table meeting on combating human trafficking in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Council of EuropeRound-table meeting on combating human trafficking in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Council of Europe

Von der Leyen says EU should open membership talks with Bosnia - POLITICO EuropeVon der Leyen says EU should open membership talks with Bosnia  POLITICO Europe

Congress supports local authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina in their fight against sexism - Council of EuropeCongress supports local authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina in their fight against sexism  Council of Europe

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Republika Srpska authorities should refrain from further restricting the rights of NGOs - Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina: Republika Srpska authorities should refrain from further restricting the rights of NGOs  Council of Europe

European Union – Bosnia and Herzegovina 2nd High Level Political Forum 5 December 2023, Brussels Co-Chair's ... - European UnionEuropean Union – Bosnia and Herzegovina 2nd High Level Political Forum 5 December 2023, Brussels Co-Chair's ...  European Union

President von der Leyen in Sarajevo to encourage progress on the accession process of Bosnia and Herzegovina - European UnionPresident von der Leyen in Sarajevo to encourage progress on the accession process of Bosnia and Herzegovina  European Union

Bosnia's lithium discovery raises hopes and fears - FRANCE 24 EnglishBosnia's lithium discovery raises hopes and fears  FRANCE 24 English

NATO - Topic: Relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina - NATO HQNATO - Topic: Relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina  NATO HQ

World Report 2024: Bosnia and Herzegovina - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2024: Bosnia and Herzegovina  Human Rights Watch

Key findings of the Opinion on Bosnia and Herzegovina's EU membership application and analytical report - European CommissionKey findings of the Opinion on Bosnia and Herzegovina's EU membership application and analytical report  European Commission

Home - Bosnia and Herzegovina | The Netherlands and Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Netherlands and YouHome - Bosnia and Herzegovina | The Netherlands and Bosnia and Herzegovina  The Netherlands and You

Bosnia and Herzegovina Statehood Day - United States Department of State - Department of StateBosnia and Herzegovina Statehood Day - United States Department of State  Department of State

Bosnia and Herzegovina's Working Group Shapes New Methodology and principles for monitoring and reporting on ... - Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina's Working Group Shapes New Methodology and principles for monitoring and reporting on ...  Council of Europe

Bosnia’s defamation law undermines free speech and democracy - Emerging EuropeBosnia’s defamation law undermines free speech and democracy  Emerging Europe

All stories/Sept2023/UNODC supports practitioners in Bosnia and Herzegovina in addressing drug use disorders and ... - UNODCAll stories/Sept2023/UNODC supports practitioners in Bosnia and Herzegovina in addressing drug use disorders and ...  UNODC

Brussels recommends opening EU membership talks with Bosnia and Herzegovina - EuronewsBrussels recommends opening EU membership talks with Bosnia and Herzegovina  Euronews

Bosnia should start EU membership talks, Commission will announce - POLITICO EuropeBosnia should start EU membership talks, Commission will announce  POLITICO Europe

EU4AGRI – Modernizing Agri-Food Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina: For Thriving Rural Areas - United Nations Development ProgrammeEU4AGRI – Modernizing Agri-Food Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina: For Thriving Rural Areas  United Nations Development Programme

France firmly supports Bosnia-Herzegovina's territorial (...) - France ONUFrance firmly supports Bosnia-Herzegovina's territorial (...)  France ONU

NATO reaffirms its long-standing support for partnership with Bosnia and Herzegovina - NATO HQNATO reaffirms its long-standing support for partnership with Bosnia and Herzegovina  NATO HQ

UNDP and TIKA collaborate to empower the workforce in Bosnia and Herzegovina - United Nations Development ProgrammeUNDP and TIKA collaborate to empower the workforce in Bosnia and Herzegovina  United Nations Development Programme

Rule of Law in BiH - Bosnia and Herzegovina | The Netherlands and Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Netherlands and YouRule of Law in BiH - Bosnia and Herzegovina | The Netherlands and Bosnia and Herzegovina  The Netherlands and You

Analysis: Backsliding in Bosnia and Herzegovina as media freedom faces myriad challenges - International Press InstituteAnalysis: Backsliding in Bosnia and Herzegovina as media freedom faces myriad challenges  International Press Institute

Results from the Rural Competitiveness Development Programme in Bosnia and Herzegovina - International Fund for Agricultural DevelopmentResults from the Rural Competitiveness Development Programme in Bosnia and Herzegovina  International Fund for Agricultural Development

US report sees rising risk of ethnic violence in Western Balkans - POLITICO EuropeUS report sees rising risk of ethnic violence in Western Balkans  POLITICO Europe

All stories/November/Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Reports Progress in Recovering Proceeds of Corruption ... - UNODCAll stories/November/Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Reports Progress in Recovering Proceeds of Corruption ...  UNODC

Teachers of Bosnia and Herzegovina - UNICEFTeachers of Bosnia and Herzegovina  UNICEF

Stage set for accession talks with Bosnia and Herzegovina? - EurotopicsStage set for accession talks with Bosnia and Herzegovina?  Eurotopics

30 Years After Ceasefire Deal, Bosnia's Mostar Can't Escape Divisions - Balkan Insight30 Years After Ceasefire Deal, Bosnia's Mostar Can't Escape Divisions  Balkan Insight

Bosnia and Herzegovina | General Assembly - General Assembly of the United Nations General DebateBosnia and Herzegovina | General Assembly  General Assembly of the United Nations General Debate

Development of the Environmental Strategy and Action Plan of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Stockholm Environment InstituteDevelopment of the Environmental Strategy and Action Plan of Bosnia and Herzegovina  Stockholm Environment Institute

Amb. of Bosnia and Herzegovina: We support Egypt's efforts to settle current conflict in Gaza Strip - Egypt TodayAmb. of Bosnia and Herzegovina: We support Egypt's efforts to settle current conflict in Gaza Strip  Egypt Today

Keeping hospitals safe in emergencies: building capacity in Lithuania and Bosnia and Herzegovina - World Health Organization (WHO)Keeping hospitals safe in emergencies: building capacity in Lithuania and Bosnia and Herzegovina  World Health Organization (WHO)

Bosnia and Herzegovina: from political deadlock to opportunity - EEASBosnia and Herzegovina: from political deadlock to opportunity  EEAS

Bosnia and Herzegovina Flood 2022 - DREF Final Report (MDRBA014) - Bosnia and Herzegovina - ReliefWebBosnia and Herzegovina Flood 2022 - DREF Final Report (MDRBA014) - Bosnia and Herzegovina  ReliefWeb

Statement by President von der Leyen at the joint press conference with Borjana Krišto, Chairwoman of the Council of ... - European UnionStatement by President von der Leyen at the joint press conference with Borjana Krišto, Chairwoman of the Council of ...  European Union

Sustainable Transition of Bosnia and Herzegovina | SEI - Stockholm Environment InstituteSustainable Transition of Bosnia and Herzegovina | SEI  Stockholm Environment Institute

US joins Bosnia in show of support on eve of planned celebration by Serb nationalists - The GuardianUS joins Bosnia in show of support on eve of planned celebration by Serb nationalists  The Guardian

We wish for the EU candidate status to give impetus for change to Bosnia and Herzegovina - France ONUWe wish for the EU candidate status to give impetus for change to Bosnia and Herzegovina  France ONU

OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina statement ahead of 9 January | OSCE - OSCEOSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina statement ahead of 9 January | OSCE  OSCE

European Commission to recommend Bosnia and Herzegovina start accession talks - EURACTIVEuropean Commission to recommend Bosnia and Herzegovina start accession talks  EURACTIV

Empowering the next generation of STEMinists in Bosnia and Herzegovina - United Nations Development ProgrammeEmpowering the next generation of STEMinists in Bosnia and Herzegovina  United Nations Development Programme

Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Balkans’ trickiest challenge - Geopolitical Intelligence Services AGBosnia and Herzegovina: The Balkans’ trickiest challenge  Geopolitical Intelligence Services AG

With Friends Like These: Orbán's Balkan Allies | Royal United Services Institute - RUSI AnalysisWith Friends Like These: Orbán's Balkan Allies | Royal United Services Institute  RUSI Analysis

NATO Deputy Secretary General thanks Bosnia and Herzegovina for its contributions to NATO missions - NATO HQNATO Deputy Secretary General thanks Bosnia and Herzegovina for its contributions to NATO missions  NATO HQ

EU-Bosnia and Herzegovina 7th Subcommittee on Internal Market, competition, health and consumer protection - EEASEU-Bosnia and Herzegovina 7th Subcommittee on Internal Market, competition, health and consumer protection  EEAS

Crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Years of power struggles come to the boil - Stiftung Wissenschaft und PolitikCrisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Years of power struggles come to the boil  Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik

At UN Assembly, Bosnia and Herzegovina slams 'foreign influence' on its institutions - UN NewsAt UN Assembly, Bosnia and Herzegovina slams 'foreign influence' on its institutions  UN News

Expansion of Kremlin-backed Media in Bosnia Is a Concern, Analysts Say - Voice of America - VOA NewsExpansion of Kremlin-backed Media in Bosnia Is a Concern, Analysts Say  Voice of America - VOA News

Bosnia and Herzegovina hosts the sub-regional multistakeholder consultation for a landmark dialogue on gender ... - | UN Women – Europe and Central AsiaBosnia and Herzegovina hosts the sub-regional multistakeholder consultation for a landmark dialogue on gender ...  | UN Women – Europe and Central Asia

Schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina take another step in becoming resource centers for democratic school culture - Council of EuropeSchools in Bosnia and Herzegovina take another step in becoming resource centers for democratic school culture  Council of Europe

New programme launched to help decarbonize Bosnia and Herzegovina - Stockholm Environment InstituteNew programme launched to help decarbonize Bosnia and Herzegovina  Stockholm Environment Institute

The OSCE Mission's Call to Action Echoes Across Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Week of Tolerance | OSCE - OSCEThe OSCE Mission's Call to Action Echoes Across Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Week of Tolerance | OSCE  OSCE

All stories/July2023/Bosnia and Herzegovina discusses the implementation of its Strategy for Combating Organized ... - UNODCAll stories/July2023/Bosnia and Herzegovina discusses the implementation of its Strategy for Combating Organized ...  UNODC

Bosnia and Herzegovina Operational Update - November 2023 [EN/BS] - Bosnia and Herzegovina - ReliefWebBosnia and Herzegovina Operational Update - November 2023 [EN/BS] - Bosnia and Herzegovina  ReliefWeb

Bosnia and Herzegovina – DW - DW (English)Bosnia and Herzegovina – DW  DW (English)

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Media freedom mission to Banja Luka and Sarajevo - ARTICLE 19 - ARTICLE 19Bosnia and Herzegovina: Media freedom mission to Banja Luka and Sarajevo - ARTICLE 19  ARTICLE 19

Bosnia and Herzegovina may start EU accession talks on Mar 12 - Goa ChronicleBosnia and Herzegovina may start EU accession talks on Mar 12  Goa Chronicle

Developing Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina through Education | Bosnia and Herzegovina | News | U.S. Agency for ... - USAIDDeveloping Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina through Education | Bosnia and Herzegovina | News | U.S. Agency for ...  USAID

Bosnia and Herzegovina Operational Update - December 2023 [EN/BS] - Bosnia and Herzegovina - ReliefWebBosnia and Herzegovina Operational Update - December 2023 [EN/BS] - Bosnia and Herzegovina  ReliefWeb

EU to recommend opening membership talks with Bosnia and Herzegovina - CGTNEU to recommend opening membership talks with Bosnia and Herzegovina  CGTN

Remarks at a UN Security Council Briefing on Bosnia and Herzegovina - United States Mission to the United NationsRemarks at a UN Security Council Briefing on Bosnia and Herzegovina  United States Mission to the United Nations

EU Most Wanted drug trafficker arrested in Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europol - EuropolEU Most Wanted drug trafficker arrested in Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europol  Europol

Representatives of education ministries in Bosnia and Herzegovina discuss the way forward during study visit to ... - Council of EuropeRepresentatives of education ministries in Bosnia and Herzegovina discuss the way forward during study visit to ...  Council of Europe

Influential drug trafficking organisation halted in Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europol - EuropolInfluential drug trafficking organisation halted in Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europol  Europol

NATO reaffirms commitment to long-standing partnership with Bosnia and Herzegovina - NATO HQNATO reaffirms commitment to long-standing partnership with Bosnia and Herzegovina  NATO HQ

“Bosnia and Herzegovina should be admitted to the EU in order to correct the Injustice” - Sarajevo Times“Bosnia and Herzegovina should be admitted to the EU in order to correct the Injustice”  Sarajevo Times

Newly US-Sanctioned Bosnian Serbs 'Honoured' to be Blacklisted - Balkan InsightNewly US-Sanctioned Bosnian Serbs 'Honoured' to be Blacklisted  Balkan Insight

Commissioner Várhelyi in Bosnia and Herzegovina for High-Level Political Forum - European UnionCommissioner Várhelyi in Bosnia and Herzegovina for High-Level Political Forum  European Union

Advancing Circular Economy in Bosnia and Herzegovina Towards Green Transition and Sustainable Future - United Nations Development ProgrammeAdvancing Circular Economy in Bosnia and Herzegovina Towards Green Transition and Sustainable Future  United Nations Development Programme

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Republika Srpska must not re-criminalise defamation - ARTICLE 19 - ARTICLE 19Bosnia and Herzegovina: Republika Srpska must not re-criminalise defamation - ARTICLE 19  ARTICLE 19

Bosnia and Herzegovina Fact-Sheet – February 2024 - Bosnia and Herzegovina - ReliefWebBosnia and Herzegovina Fact-Sheet – February 2024 - Bosnia and Herzegovina  ReliefWeb

EPPO signs working arrangement with Prosecutor's Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina | European Public Prosecutor's ... - European Public Prosecutor's OfficeEPPO signs working arrangement with Prosecutor's Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina | European Public Prosecutor's ...  European Public Prosecutor's Office

EU membership to provide stability, security for Bosnia and Herzegovina: High representative - Anadolu Agency | EnglishEU membership to provide stability, security for Bosnia and Herzegovina: High representative  Anadolu Agency | English

Russian influence in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro - Clingendael InstituteRussian influence in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro  Clingendael Institute

Imposing Sanctions on Bosnia and Herzegovina Officials Who Undermined Dayton Peace Accord - United States ... - Department of StateImposing Sanctions on Bosnia and Herzegovina Officials Who Undermined Dayton Peace Accord - United States ...  Department of State

U.S. sanctions Bosnian Serb officials over controversial 'Republika Srpska Day' - UPI NewsU.S. sanctions Bosnian Serb officials over controversial 'Republika Srpska Day'  UPI News

Bosnia-Herzegovina media guide - BBC.comBosnia-Herzegovina media guide  BBC.com

Increasing Citizen Demand for Good Government in Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnia and Herzegovina | News | U.S. ... - USAIDIncreasing Citizen Demand for Good Government in Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnia and Herzegovina | News | U.S. ...  USAID

Bosnia and Herzegovina: police ill-treatment of detainees remains a serious problem, says anti-torture committee - Portal - Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina: police ill-treatment of detainees remains a serious problem, says anti-torture committee - Portal  Council of Europe

Bosnia and Herzegovina Should Stop Institutionalizing People with Disabilities - Human Rights WatchBosnia and Herzegovina Should Stop Institutionalizing People with Disabilities  Human Rights Watch

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Borrell and Commissioner Várhelyi on the ... - European UnionBosnia and Herzegovina: Statement by High Representative/Vice-President Borrell and Commissioner Várhelyi on the ...  European Union

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA STUDENTS' HAVE STARTED WORKING ON THE “OFF THE BEATEN TRACK ... - UNWTOBOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA STUDENTS' HAVE STARTED WORKING ON THE “OFF THE BEATEN TRACK ...  UNWTO

Secretary General supports the authority of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Portal - Council of EuropeSecretary General supports the authority of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Portal  Council of Europe