Iraq

Country Iraq
Capital Baghdad
Continent Asia
Currency Iraqi dinar (IQD)
Languages Arabic & Kurdish

Information

Introduction

Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by Britain during the course of World War I; in 1920, it was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration. In stages over the next dozen years, Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. A "republic" was proclaimed in 1958, but in actuality a series of strongmen ruled the country until 2003. The last was SADDAM Husayn. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait but was expelled by US-led, UN coalition forces during the Gulf War of January-February 1991. Following Kuwait's liberation, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions over a period of 12 years led to the US-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003 and the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime. US forces remained in Iraq under a UNSC mandate through 2009 and under a bilateral security agreement thereafter, helping to provide security and to train and mentor Iraqi security forces. In October 2005, Iraqis approved a constitution in a national referendum and, pursuant to this document, elected a 275-member Council of Representatives (CoR) in December 2005. After the election, Ibrahim al-JAAFARI was selected as prime minister; he was replaced by Nuri al-MALIKI in May 2006. The CoR approved most cabinet ministers in May 2006, marking the transition to Iraq's first constitutional government in nearly a half century. On 31 January 2009, Iraq held elections for provincial councils in all provinces except for the three provinces comprising the Kurdistan Regional Government and at-Ta'mim (Kirkuk) province.

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References

Iraq - Wikipedia
Iraq - CIA World Fact Book
Iraq - BBC
Iraq - National Geographic
Iraq - Timeline - BBC

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September 18, 1985, Forty Years Ago: India’s bid to end Iran-Iraq war; H M Ershad on Indo-Bangla ties - The Indian ExpressSeptember 18, 1985, Forty Years Ago: India’s bid to end Iran-Iraq war; H M Ershad on Indo-Bangla ties  The Indian Express

WFP Iraq Country Brief, August 2025 - ReliefWebWFP Iraq Country Brief, August 2025  ReliefWeb

UN / IRAQ KUWAIT - UN MediaUN / IRAQ KUWAIT  UN Media

Preview: FC Goa host Iraq’s Al-Zawraa in ACL Two group stage opener - Indian Super League | Official WebsitePreview: FC Goa host Iraq’s Al-Zawraa in ACL Two group stage opener  Indian Super League | Official Website

AFC Champions League 2: FC Goa loses to Al Zawraa of Iraq in group opener - SportstarAFC Champions League 2: FC Goa loses to Al Zawraa of Iraq in group opener  Sportstar

ACL2: FC Goa keep the faith ahead of group opener against Iraq’s Al Zawraa - Times of IndiaACL2: FC Goa keep the faith ahead of group opener against Iraq’s Al Zawraa  Times of India

Russia ready to boost military-technical cooperation with Iraq, says official - Anadolu AjansiRussia ready to boost military-technical cooperation with Iraq, says official  Anadolu Ajansi

Iraq: TotalEnergies Launches the Construction of the Final Two Major Projects of the GGIP - TotalEnergies.comIraq: TotalEnergies Launches the Construction of the Final Two Major Projects of the GGIP  TotalEnergies.com

UN Security Council adopts resolution on return of Kuwaiti missing persons due to 1990 Iraq invasion - XinhuaUN Security Council adopts resolution on return of Kuwaiti missing persons due to 1990 Iraq invasion  Xinhua

Joint UN Efforts Support Iraq in Modernizing Compensation, Referral, and Data Systems for Internally Displaced Persons [EN/AR] - ReliefWebJoint UN Efforts Support Iraq in Modernizing Compensation, Referral, and Data Systems for Internally Displaced Persons [EN/AR]  ReliefWeb

Iraq sets age-related curbs for pilgrim visa - The Express TribuneIraq sets age-related curbs for pilgrim visa  The Express Tribune

Severe Drought in Iraq Reveals Dozens of Ancient Tombs Created 2,300 Years Ago - Smithsonian MagazineSevere Drought in Iraq Reveals Dozens of Ancient Tombs Created 2,300 Years Ago  Smithsonian Magazine

Security Council Meets on Situation between Iraq and Kuwait - UN MediaSecurity Council Meets on Situation between Iraq and Kuwait  UN Media

Hyundai E&C lands $3 bn seawater treatment plant deal in Iraq - KED GlobalHyundai E&C lands $3 bn seawater treatment plant deal in Iraq  KED Global

FC Goa lose to Iraq''s Al Zawraa 0-2 in AFC Champions League Two - Press Trust of IndiaFC Goa lose to Iraq''s Al Zawraa 0-2 in AFC Champions League Two  Press Trust of India

Drought in Iraq unearths more than 2,000 years old tombs - Al JazeeraDrought in Iraq unearths more than 2,000 years old tombs  Al Jazeera

UNESCO Culminates the Restoration Program of the City of Mosul, Iraq - ArchDailyUNESCO Culminates the Restoration Program of the City of Mosul, Iraq  ArchDaily

Explanation of Vote Following the Adoption of a UN Security Council Resolution on the Situation Between Iraq and Kuwait - United States Mission to the United Nations (.gov)Explanation of Vote Following the Adoption of a UN Security Council Resolution on the Situation Between Iraq and Kuwait  United States Mission to the United Nations (.gov)

FC Goa lose to Iraq’s Al Zawraa 0-2 in AFC Champions League Two - The Indian ExpressFC Goa lose to Iraq’s Al Zawraa 0-2 in AFC Champions League Two  The Indian Express

Gallery of UNESCO Culminates the Restoration Program of the City of Mosul, Iraq - 3 - ArchDailyGallery of UNESCO Culminates the Restoration Program of the City of Mosul, Iraq - 3  ArchDaily

TotalEnergies launches final phase of $27 billion Iraq energy project - ReutersTotalEnergies launches final phase of $27 billion Iraq energy project  Reuters

U.S. Designates 4 ‘Iran-Aligned’ Militias in Iraq as Foreign Terrorist Organizations - Foundation for Defense of DemocraciesU.S. Designates 4 ‘Iran-Aligned’ Militias in Iraq as Foreign Terrorist Organizations  Foundation for Defense of Democracies

Will ‘unprecedented’ disqualification of candidates kill Iraq’s elections? - Amwaj.mediaWill ‘unprecedented’ disqualification of candidates kill Iraq’s elections?  Amwaj.media

Episode 107: Turkey’s Balancing Act: Prospects for Stabilisation in Syria and Iraq - Royal United Services InstituteEpisode 107: Turkey’s Balancing Act: Prospects for Stabilisation in Syria and Iraq  Royal United Services Institute

TotalEnergies Launches Construction of Final Major Gas Projects in Iraq - ChemAnalystTotalEnergies Launches Construction of Final Major Gas Projects in Iraq  ChemAnalyst

Iraq urges formation of Islamic military alliance to confront Israeli policies - trtworld.comIraq urges formation of Islamic military alliance to confront Israeli policies  trtworld.com

TotalEnergies Launches Final Phase of Iraq’s Multi-Energy GGIP, Including Solar Power Expansion - SolarQuarterTotalEnergies Launches Final Phase of Iraq’s Multi-Energy GGIP, Including Solar Power Expansion  SolarQuarter

FC Goa vs Al Zawraa (Iraq) — AFC Champions League Two, Group Stage - RevsportzFC Goa vs Al Zawraa (Iraq) — AFC Champions League Two, Group Stage  Revsportz

TotalEnergies activates final phase of GGIP in Iraq with new construction work - InspenetTotalEnergies activates final phase of GGIP in Iraq with new construction work  Inspenet

As Shoigu visits, Russia pledges to strengthen military-technical links with Iraq - The Arab WeeklyAs Shoigu visits, Russia pledges to strengthen military-technical links with Iraq  The Arab Weekly

FAO and MOA Scaling up Climate-Smart Agriculture practices in Central and Southern Iraq [EN/AR] - ReliefWebFAO and MOA Scaling up Climate-Smart Agriculture practices in Central and Southern Iraq [EN/AR]  ReliefWeb

TotalEnergies Launches Construction for Ratawi, Well Water Projects in Iraq - RigzoneTotalEnergies Launches Construction for Ratawi, Well Water Projects in Iraq  Rigzone

US Boosts Sanctions on Iran-Aligned Militias in Iraq - Asharq Al-awsat - EnglishUS Boosts Sanctions on Iran-Aligned Militias in Iraq  Asharq Al-awsat - English

Baker Hughes Secures Deal with Halfaya Gas to Drive Flare Reduction Initiative in Iraq - Egypt Oil & GasBaker Hughes Secures Deal with Halfaya Gas to Drive Flare Reduction Initiative in Iraq  Egypt Oil & Gas

Moscow's contacts with Iraq intensifying with broader cooperation, says Russian official - Anadolu AjansiMoscow's contacts with Iraq intensifying with broader cooperation, says Russian official  Anadolu Ajansi

Flag dispute mars Sorya Massacre memorial in Nohadra (Duhok), Kurdistan Region of Iraq - Syriac PressFlag dispute mars Sorya Massacre memorial in Nohadra (Duhok), Kurdistan Region of Iraq  Syriac Press

TotalEnergies Launches Final Phase of USD 27 Billion Iraq Project, Expanding Gas Output and Adding 1GW Solar - Energetica India MagazineTotalEnergies Launches Final Phase of USD 27 Billion Iraq Project, Expanding Gas Output and Adding 1GW Solar  Energetica India Magazine

How the restoration of ancient Babylon is drawing tourists back to Iraq - The Art NewspaperHow the restoration of ancient Babylon is drawing tourists back to Iraq  The Art Newspaper

TotalEnergies, QatarEnergy to advance final stage of GGIP projects in Iraq - Offshore TechnologyTotalEnergies, QatarEnergy to advance final stage of GGIP projects in Iraq  Offshore Technology

Construction launched for final major projects of Iraq’s GGIP - MEEDConstruction launched for final major projects of Iraq’s GGIP  MEED

TotalEnergies, QatarEnergy to Construct Iraq Gas Project Components - Egypt Oil & GasTotalEnergies, QatarEnergy to Construct Iraq Gas Project Components  Egypt Oil & Gas

Industry - TotalEnergies launches construction of major Iraq projects - Oil Review Middle EastIndustry - TotalEnergies launches construction of major Iraq projects  Oil Review Middle East

The Ministry of Health, UNICEF, and Department of Women’s Affairs and Human Rights Launch Five Women Care Units to Support Survivors of Violence [EN/AR] - ReliefWebThe Ministry of Health, UNICEF, and Department of Women’s Affairs and Human Rights Launch Five Women Care Units to Support Survivors of Violence [EN/AR]  ReliefWeb

Entanglement of Iraqi fighters in Russia-Ukraine war stokes fear of blowback - Amwaj.mediaEntanglement of Iraqi fighters in Russia-Ukraine war stokes fear of blowback  Amwaj.media

Amid growing public scepticism, low turnout feared in Iraq’s legislative elections - The Arab WeeklyAmid growing public scepticism, low turnout feared in Iraq’s legislative elections  The Arab Weekly

Toward Safe Digital Spaces: The Importance of Legislation to Address Online Violence in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region [EN/AR/KU] (June 2025) - ReliefWebToward Safe Digital Spaces: The Importance of Legislation to Address Online Violence in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region [EN/AR/KU] (June 2025)  ReliefWeb

QatarEnergy, TotalEnergies and Basra Oil Company Launch Key Iraq Energy Projects - Oil & Gas Middle EastQatarEnergy, TotalEnergies and Basra Oil Company Launch Key Iraq Energy Projects  Oil & Gas Middle East

Iraq unveils historic migration plan to boost development and stability - UN NewsIraq unveils historic migration plan to boost development and stability  UN News

US lists 4 Iran-backed Iraqi militias as foreign terrorist organizations - AL-MonitorUS lists 4 Iran-backed Iraqi militias as foreign terrorist organizations  AL-Monitor

Hyundai E&C wins $3 billion seawater treatment plant order from Iraq - upi.comHyundai E&C wins $3 billion seawater treatment plant order from Iraq  upi.com

Iraq is facing a water crisis, hit by one of its worst droughts in century - Al JazeeraIraq is facing a water crisis, hit by one of its worst droughts in century  Al Jazeera

Ten questions (and expert answers) on Operation Inherent Resolve’s end in Iraq - Atlantic CouncilTen questions (and expert answers) on Operation Inherent Resolve’s end in Iraq  Atlantic Council

Hyundai E&C wins USD 3 bn Iraq seawater treatment deal - Tribune IndiaHyundai E&C wins USD 3 bn Iraq seawater treatment deal  Tribune India

Total Flags Progress on Iraq Upstream Megaproject - energyintel.comTotal Flags Progress on Iraq Upstream Megaproject  energyintel.com

TotalEnergies awards Iraq gas plant construction to Chinese contractor - Upstream OnlineTotalEnergies awards Iraq gas plant construction to Chinese contractor  Upstream Online

Iraq urges formation of Islamic military alliance to confront Israeli policies - Middle East MonitorIraq urges formation of Islamic military alliance to confront Israeli policies  Middle East Monitor

Iraq Resumes Work on Al-Masad Dam After 11-Year Halt Amid Water Shortages - ShiaWavesIraq Resumes Work on Al-Masad Dam After 11-Year Halt Amid Water Shortages  ShiaWaves

Iraq partners with Nokia to build first state-owned data centers in Baghdad - Iraqi NewsIraq partners with Nokia to build first state-owned data centers in Baghdad  Iraqi News

Abducted Israeli-Russian researcher Elizabeth Tsurkov freed in Iraq - BBCAbducted Israeli-Russian researcher Elizabeth Tsurkov freed in Iraq  BBC

Iraq bans import of 44 agricultural products due to local abundance - Iraqi NewsIraq bans import of 44 agricultural products due to local abundance  Iraqi News

Iraq: New US$930 Million Project to Extend and Modernize Railways, Promote Regional Connectivity and Boost Growth - World BankIraq: New US$930 Million Project to Extend and Modernize Railways, Promote Regional Connectivity and Boost Growth  World Bank

US pressure casts shadow over Iraq’s November elections and Shia militia role - The Arab WeeklyUS pressure casts shadow over Iraq’s November elections and Shia militia role  The Arab Weekly

US Military Redeployment in Iraq: Strategic Withdrawal or Tactical Shift? - Geopolitical MonitorUS Military Redeployment in Iraq: Strategic Withdrawal or Tactical Shift?  Geopolitical Monitor

Ecumenical festival in Iraq proves strong faith of Christians once under Islamic persecution - OSV NewsEcumenical festival in Iraq proves strong faith of Christians once under Islamic persecution  OSV News

Iraq’s 2025 Election: A Recalibration of Power, Not a Rupture of the Status Quo - War on the RocksIraq’s 2025 Election: A Recalibration of Power, Not a Rupture of the Status Quo  War on the Rocks

Mary Dague | Johnston County Army veteran who lost both arms in Iraq honored with mortgage-free smart home in Four Oaks - ABC11Mary Dague | Johnston County Army veteran who lost both arms in Iraq honored with mortgage-free smart home in Four Oaks  ABC11

Iraq security sweep: Firearm permits, ISIS commander killed and multiple arrests - Shafaq News - ??? ????Iraq security sweep: Firearm permits, ISIS commander killed and multiple arrests - Shafaq News  ??? ????

Hyundai E&C wins $3.1bn contract for seawater treatment plant in Iraq - Yahoo FinanceHyundai E&C wins $3.1bn contract for seawater treatment plant in Iraq  Yahoo Finance

Iraq and Oman Consider Joint Oil Pipeline to Diversify Export Routes - Pipeline Technology JournalIraq and Oman Consider Joint Oil Pipeline to Diversify Export Routes  Pipeline Technology Journal

Explainer: How Ba’athist Iraq tore up Algiers Agreement and imposed war on Iran - PressTVExplainer: How Ba’athist Iraq tore up Algiers Agreement and imposed war on Iran  PressTV

PROJECTS: Iraq’s GGIP first phase start-up scheduled for early 2026, TotalEnergies CEO says - TradingViewPROJECTS: Iraq’s GGIP first phase start-up scheduled for early 2026, TotalEnergies CEO says  TradingView

From Land of Two Rivers to a Thirsty Country: Iraq's Water Crisis Hits Breaking Point - kurdistan24.netFrom Land of Two Rivers to a Thirsty Country: Iraq's Water Crisis Hits Breaking Point  kurdistan24.net

World Bank's IFC Announces $1bn Investment Package For Iraq's Private Sector - Crowdfund InsiderWorld Bank's IFC Announces $1bn Investment Package For Iraq's Private Sector  Crowdfund Insider

Saudi, Omani firms invest to boost Iraq’s private sector - SemaforSaudi, Omani firms invest to boost Iraq’s private sector  Semafor

Iraq’s Electricity Shortage and the Paradox of Gas Flaring - bakerinstitute.orgIraq’s Electricity Shortage and the Paradox of Gas Flaring  bakerinstitute.org

Iraq to boost oil exports via proposed pipeline to Oman - The New ArabIraq to boost oil exports via proposed pipeline to Oman  The New Arab

Iraq and Russia deepen counterterrorism and defense coordination - ABNA EnglishIraq and Russia deepen counterterrorism and defense coordination  ABNA English

Hyundai E&C wins W4tr deal for Iraq seawater treatment plant - The Korea HeraldHyundai E&C wins W4tr deal for Iraq seawater treatment plant  The Korea Herald

Baker Hughes to build flare gas recovery system in Iraq - Arabian Gulf Business Insight | AGBIBaker Hughes to build flare gas recovery system in Iraq  Arabian Gulf Business Insight | AGBI

Iraq inks major deals with Total, QatarEnergy for final components of $13B gas project - Türkiye TodayIraq inks major deals with Total, QatarEnergy for final components of $13B gas project  Türkiye Today

Knowledge-based companies to attend ITEX in Iraq - Tehran TimesKnowledge-based companies to attend ITEX in Iraq  Tehran Times

TotalEnergies launches final phase of Iraq energy project - Arabian Gulf Business Insight | AGBITotalEnergies launches final phase of Iraq energy project  Arabian Gulf Business Insight | AGBI

Iraq ranks among top Arab countries in civilian gun ownership - Iraqi NewsIraq ranks among top Arab countries in civilian gun ownership  Iraqi News

Watch Iraq War Veteran Reflects on 9/11, US National Security Landscape - Bloomberg.comWatch Iraq War Veteran Reflects on 9/11, US National Security Landscape  Bloomberg.com

2024 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Iraq - U.S. Department of State (.gov)2024 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Iraq  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

TotalEnergies begins construction on final two major GGIP projects in Iraq - Investing.comTotalEnergies begins construction on final two major GGIP projects in Iraq  Investing.com

Baker Hughes signs deal to build flare gas recovery system in Iraq (BKR:NASDAQ) - Seeking AlphaBaker Hughes signs deal to build flare gas recovery system in Iraq (BKR:NASDAQ)  Seeking Alpha

Iraq Advances Implementation Of Waste Dumping Treaty - Mirage NewsIraq Advances Implementation Of Waste Dumping Treaty  Mirage News

Iraq debt ratio edges up to 42.9% in 2024 - Shafaq News - ??? ????Iraq debt ratio edges up to 42.9% in 2024 - Shafaq News  ??? ????

IFC Signs $500 Million Deal With Basrah Gas For Energy & Port Expansion In Iraq - Marine InsightIFC Signs $500 Million Deal With Basrah Gas For Energy & Port Expansion In Iraq  Marine Insight

TotalEnergies and QatarEnergy Advance Major Iraq Energy Initiative - sg.finance.yahoo.comTotalEnergies and QatarEnergy Advance Major Iraq Energy Initiative  sg.finance.yahoo.com

Iraq Torture Verdict Threatened by ‘Surprising’ Secrets Stance - Bloomberg Law NewsIraq Torture Verdict Threatened by ‘Surprising’ Secrets Stance  Bloomberg Law News

At least 61 dead, 45 rescued in huge fire at hypermarket in Iraq’s Kut - Al JazeeraAt least 61 dead, 45 rescued in huge fire at hypermarket in Iraq’s Kut  Al Jazeera

Iraq's GGIP first phase start-up scheduled for early 2026 - IranOilGasIraq's GGIP first phase start-up scheduled for early 2026  IranOilGas

From the streets of Baghdad, I saw a clear line to the bloodshed in Gaza | Owen Jones - The GuardianFrom the streets of Baghdad, I saw a clear line to the bloodshed in Gaza | Owen Jones  The Guardian

Iraq, Iran Approve Opening of Jilat Border Crossing to Boost Trade - ShiaWavesIraq, Iran Approve Opening of Jilat Border Crossing to Boost Trade  ShiaWaves

Will Iraq integrate the Popular Mobilization Forces into the state? - Al JazeeraWill Iraq integrate the Popular Mobilization Forces into the state?  Al Jazeera

Al-Sadr calls for talks with Turkiye on Iraq’s water shortage - Shafaq News - ??? ????Al-Sadr calls for talks with Turkiye on Iraq’s water shortage - Shafaq News  ??? ????

National Climate Resilience Assessment for Iraq – Analysis - IEA – International Energy AgencyNational Climate Resilience Assessment for Iraq – Analysis  IEA – International Energy Agency

Iraq hosts four-nation meeting to advance Development Road project - Iraqi NewsIraq hosts four-nation meeting to advance Development Road project  Iraqi News