Iran

Country Iran
Capital Tehran
Continent Asia
Currency Rial(IRR)
Languages Persian, Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Lurish, Gilaki, Balochi, Mazandarani, Arabic, Turkmen, Armenian & Georgian

Information

Introduction

Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, according to the constitution, is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts - a popularly elected 86-member body of clerics. US-Iranian relations have been strained since a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979 and held it until 20 January 1981. During 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces between 1987 and 1988. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US, UN, and EU economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement in terrorism and its nuclear weapons ambitions. Following the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 and a reformist Majles (legislature) in 2000, a campaign to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated. The movement floundered as conservative politicians, through the control of unelected institutions, prevented reform measures from being enacted and increased repressive measures. Starting with nationwide municipal elections in 2003 and continuing through Majles elections in 2004, conservatives reestablished control over Iran's elected government institutions, which culminated with the August 2005 inauguration of hardliner Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD as president. His controversial reelection in June 2009 sparked nationwide protests over allegations of electoral fraud. The UN Security Council has passed a number of resolutions (1696 in July 2006, 1737 in December 2006, 1747 in March 2007, 1803 in March 2008, and 1835 in September 2008) calling for Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment and reprocessing activities and comply with its IAEA obligations and responsibilities. Resolutions 1737, 1477, and 1803 subject a number of Iranian individuals and entities involved in Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile programs to sanctions. Additionally, several Iranian entities are subject to US sanctions under Executive Order 13382 designations for proliferation activities and EO 13224 designations for support of terrorism.

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References

Iran - Wikipedia
Iran - CIA World Fact Book
Iran - BBC
Iran - National Geographic
Iran - Timeline - BBC

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Iran, U.N. nuclear watchdog agree new cooperation framework - The Hindu
  1. Iran, U.N. nuclear watchdog agree new cooperation framework  The Hindu
  2. Iran Agrees to Give U.N. Atomic Agency Access to Its Nuclear Sites  The Wall Street Journal
  3. Iran and UN appear at odds over nuclear deal  Al Jazeera


Iran’s Pezeshkian Urges BRICS To Form Collective Shield Against U.S. Sanctions, Trade Pressure - The Times of IndiaIran’s Pezeshkian Urges BRICS To Form Collective Shield Against U.S. Sanctions, Trade Pressure  The Times of India

India-Iran holds bilateral political consultations - Tribune IndiaIndia-Iran holds bilateral political consultations  Tribune India

Iran is facing a return of UN sanctions - USA TodayIran is facing a return of UN sanctions  USA Today

South Korea takes next UN step in Iran sanctions snapback process - ReutersSouth Korea takes next UN step in Iran sanctions snapback process  Reuters

With Qatar attack, which countries has Israel struck since October 2023? - The Washington PostWith Qatar attack, which countries has Israel struck since October 2023?  The Washington Post

Post-Iran Strike, U.S. Fast-Tracks Next-Gen Bunker Buster Bombs After GBU-57 MOP’s “Deadly Debut” - EurAsian TimesPost-Iran Strike, U.S. Fast-Tracks Next-Gen Bunker Buster Bombs After GBU-57 MOP’s “Deadly Debut”  EurAsian Times

Iran says no negotiations over its defense capabilities - Anadolu AjansiIran says no negotiations over its defense capabilities  Anadolu Ajansi

Iran and India, ancient civilisations and new horizons - The HinduIran and India, ancient civilisations and new horizons  The Hindu

Oliver North And Fawn Hall, Key Players In The Iran-Contra Scandal, Are Married - HuffPostOliver North And Fawn Hall, Key Players In The Iran-Contra Scandal, Are Married  HuffPost

Iran & IAEA announce agreement on resuming nuclear inspections - NewsonairIran & IAEA announce agreement on resuming nuclear inspections  Newsonair

Israel has replaced Iran as the biggest security threat to the Gulf states | Sanam Vakil - The GuardianIsrael has replaced Iran as the biggest security threat to the Gulf states | Sanam Vakil  The Guardian

Iran’s Foreign Policy Is Changing in Real Time - Foreign PolicyIran’s Foreign Policy Is Changing in Real Time  Foreign Policy

Restoring IAEA Inspections in Iran Would Create “Promising Ground” for Wider Progress, Says Director General Grossi - IAEARestoring IAEA Inspections in Iran Would Create “Promising Ground” for Wider Progress, Says Director General Grossi  IAEA

Nuclear watchdog chief announces breakthrough on Iran monitoring - Department of Political and Peacebuilding AffairsNuclear watchdog chief announces breakthrough on Iran monitoring  Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs

Iran–IAEA Nuclear Monitoring Agreement 2025: Key Features, Significance, and UPSC Relevance - INSIGHTS IASIran–IAEA Nuclear Monitoring Agreement 2025: Key Features, Significance, and UPSC Relevance  INSIGHTS IAS

What Israel's Unprecedented Strike In Qatar Means For Iran And The Region - Radio Free Europe/Radio LibertyWhat Israel's Unprecedented Strike In Qatar Means For Iran And The Region  Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

IAEA chief says agreement reached with Iran on resuming inspections - Anadolu AjansiIAEA chief says agreement reached with Iran on resuming inspections  Anadolu Ajansi

Iran enters new nuclear pact with UN for site inspection 3 months after Israel-US strike - FirstpostIran enters new nuclear pact with UN for site inspection 3 months after Israel-US strike  Firstpost

Iran to Close Borders with Barriers, Electronic Surveillance - IranWireIran to Close Borders with Barriers, Electronic Surveillance  IranWire

Iran resumes cooperation with UN nuclear watchdog under new framework - France 24Iran resumes cooperation with UN nuclear watchdog under new framework  France 24

In Iran, lessons being drawn from Israel’s bombing of Qatar - Amwaj.mediaIn Iran, lessons being drawn from Israel’s bombing of Qatar  Amwaj.media

"Grossi is a Mossad Agent" Iran Hardliners Slam IAEA Deal as Elizabeth Tsurkov Returns to Israel |4K - News18"Grossi is a Mossad Agent" Iran Hardliners Slam IAEA Deal as Elizabeth Tsurkov Returns to Israel |4K  News18

After crafting quiet Florida life, Shah of Iran’s alleged ‘chief torturer’ must now face trial - The GuardianAfter crafting quiet Florida life, Shah of Iran’s alleged ‘chief torturer’ must now face trial  The Guardian

Statement by IAEA Director General on Iran - IAEAStatement by IAEA Director General on Iran  IAEA

UN inspectors can resume work at Iran nuclear sites after breakthrough deal - The GuardianUN inspectors can resume work at Iran nuclear sites after breakthrough deal  The Guardian

Iran warns war with Israel could resume at any time - The HinduIran warns war with Israel could resume at any time  The Hindu

Iran, IAEA announce agreement on resuming nuclear inspections - ReutersIran, IAEA announce agreement on resuming nuclear inspections  Reuters

Khamenei Representative Slams Nuclear Deal with IAEA as 'Violation' of Iran Law - IranWireKhamenei Representative Slams Nuclear Deal with IAEA as 'Violation' of Iran Law  IranWire

Will Iran engage? Tricky diplomacy looms after IAEA deal - ????? ??????????Will Iran engage? Tricky diplomacy looms after IAEA deal  ????? ??????????

Exclusive: An Iran-Contra Romance - by Michael Isikoff - SpyTalkExclusive: An Iran-Contra Romance - by Michael Isikoff  SpyTalk

US, EU press Iran after Cairo nuclear deal with IAEA | Iran International - ????? ??????????US, EU press Iran after Cairo nuclear deal with IAEA | Iran International  ????? ??????????

“War or Peace, Win or Lose” TV satellite program in Iran started its encouraging work - Mission Network News“War or Peace, Win or Lose” TV satellite program in Iran started its encouraging work  Mission Network News

Iran and nuclear watchdog sign agreement seeking path to restart cooperation - AP NewsIran and nuclear watchdog sign agreement seeking path to restart cooperation  AP News

India, Iran, Armenia discuss further expanding cooperation in connectivity - IndiabloomsIndia, Iran, Armenia discuss further expanding cooperation in connectivity  Indiablooms

Xinhua News | UN welcomes Iran-IAEA agreement: spokesperson - XinhuaXinhua News | UN welcomes Iran-IAEA agreement: spokesperson  Xinhua

Iran-IAEA agreement lays out practical verification, transparency steps: Egypt to foreign diplomats - Egypt TodayIran-IAEA agreement lays out practical verification, transparency steps: Egypt to foreign diplomats  Egypt Today

Iran may allow inspection of nuclear facilities by next month - The Economic TimesIran may allow inspection of nuclear facilities by next month  The Economic Times

How triggering snapback sanctions may deepen Iran nuclear crisis - Al JazeeraHow triggering snapback sanctions may deepen Iran nuclear crisis  Al Jazeera

Iran arrests eight suspected of spying for Israel’s Mossad in 12-day war - Al JazeeraIran arrests eight suspected of spying for Israel’s Mossad in 12-day war  Al Jazeera

Iran, IAEA Reach Deal to Resume Nuclear Inspections - Modern DiplomacyIran, IAEA Reach Deal to Resume Nuclear Inspections  Modern Diplomacy

Australia denies Iran action due to ‘intervention’ by Israel’s Netanyahu - Al JazeeraAustralia denies Iran action due to ‘intervention’ by Israel’s Netanyahu  Al Jazeera

NPT Safeguards Agreement with Iran: E3 Statement to the IAEA Board of Governors, September 2025 - GOV.UKNPT Safeguards Agreement with Iran: E3 Statement to the IAEA Board of Governors, September 2025  GOV.UK

Iran nuclear: UK, France and Germany move to reimpose UN sanctions - BBCIran nuclear: UK, France and Germany move to reimpose UN sanctions  BBC

UN welcomes Iran-IAEA agreement: Spokesperson - Mangalorean.comUN welcomes Iran-IAEA agreement: Spokesperson  Mangalorean.com

Blinded protestor says Iran's fight has moved beyond the hijab - ????? ??????????Blinded protestor says Iran's fight has moved beyond the hijab  ????? ??????????

New ‘Trump’ Corridor Leaves Iran Scrambling to Preserve Influence in the South Caucasus - Stimson CenterNew ‘Trump’ Corridor Leaves Iran Scrambling to Preserve Influence in the South Caucasus  Stimson Center

IAEA Strikes Deal To Resume Monitoring Iran's Nuclear Facilities - RTTNewsIAEA Strikes Deal To Resume Monitoring Iran's Nuclear Facilities  RTTNews

Israeli attack on Qatar raises doubts in Iran about diplomacy with the West - Gazeta ExpressIsraeli attack on Qatar raises doubts in Iran about diplomacy with the West  Gazeta Express

Iran: Billet, rebar prices see mixed trends - BigMintIran: Billet, rebar prices see mixed trends  BigMint

Iran Evacuates Schools, Homes in Isfahan as Land Subsidence Worsens - IranWireIran Evacuates Schools, Homes in Isfahan as Land Subsidence Worsens  IranWire

Iran and U.N. Watchdog Reach Agreement to Resume Nuclear Inspections - The New York TimesIran and U.N. Watchdog Reach Agreement to Resume Nuclear Inspections  The New York Times

Israeli-Russian captive in Iraq Tsurkov was freed in exchange deal: Report - Al JazeeraIsraeli-Russian captive in Iraq Tsurkov was freed in exchange deal: Report  Al Jazeera

Iran lawmaker calls Grossi a Mossad agent, urges arrest - ????? ??????????Iran lawmaker calls Grossi a Mossad agent, urges arrest  ????? ??????????

US offers $15 million reward over Iran's Revolutionary Guards network | Iran International - ????? ??????????US offers $15 million reward over Iran's Revolutionary Guards network | Iran International  ????? ??????????

Iran Reaches Agreement with IAEA on Safeguards Under New Conditions - Caspian NewsIran Reaches Agreement with IAEA on Safeguards Under New Conditions  Caspian News

A Step Toward Renewed Oversight of Iran’s Nuclear Program - World Politics ReviewA Step Toward Renewed Oversight of Iran’s Nuclear Program  World Politics Review

Israel's Strike on Qatar Deepens Iranian Distrust of U.S. Diplomacy - Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.comIsrael's Strike on Qatar Deepens Iranian Distrust of U.S. Diplomacy  Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.com

Israeli academic released in Iraq after swap with Iran-backed militia - IRGC media - ????? ??????????Israeli academic released in Iraq after swap with Iran-backed militia - IRGC media  ????? ??????????

Iran Steps Back From the Brink With UN Atomic Watchdog Deal - Bloomberg.comIran Steps Back From the Brink With UN Atomic Watchdog Deal  Bloomberg.com

6 killed, 12 injured after minibus plunges into valley in W. Iran - Latest news from Azerbaijan6 killed, 12 injured after minibus plunges into valley in W. Iran  Latest news from Azerbaijan

Iran says deal with IAEA does not yet guarantee inspectors access to nuclear sites - The Times of IsraelIran says deal with IAEA does not yet guarantee inspectors access to nuclear sites  The Times of Israel

Iran Automotive Market - Ken Research Stated the Sector Valued at ~IRR 38 billion with Strong Growth Potential - openPR.comIran Automotive Market - Ken Research Stated the Sector Valued at ~IRR 38 billion with Strong Growth Potential  openPR.com

UN and Iran take ‘important step’ towards restarting nuclear inspections - Financial TimesUN and Iran take ‘important step’ towards restarting nuclear inspections  Financial Times

Explainer: What does the new agreement between Iran and IAEA entail - PressTVExplainer: What does the new agreement between Iran and IAEA entail  PressTV

Khamenei Thinks He Can Ride This Out - Foreign PolicyKhamenei Thinks He Can Ride This Out  Foreign Policy

Tehran seizes on Israel’s Doha strike to bolster regional narrative - ????? ??????????Tehran seizes on Israel’s Doha strike to bolster regional narrative  ????? ??????????

Golshifteh Farahani: From arthouse cinema to Hollywood, a free voice for Iran - France 24Golshifteh Farahani: From arthouse cinema to Hollywood, a free voice for Iran  France 24

Iran will stand up to US demands to be ‘obedient’, says Khamenei - Al JazeeraIran will stand up to US demands to be ‘obedient’, says Khamenei  Al Jazeera

Reflections on the June 2025 War (Dossier Introduction): Of Crisis and the Search for Political Grammar in Iran - JadaliyyaReflections on the June 2025 War (Dossier Introduction): Of Crisis and the Search for Political Grammar in Iran  Jadaliyya

Russia, China slam European nations over Iran ‘snapback’ sanctions move - Al JazeeraRussia, China slam European nations over Iran ‘snapback’ sanctions move  Al Jazeera

Iran Issues Warning Over Nuclear Agreement - NewsweekIran Issues Warning Over Nuclear Agreement  Newsweek

Iran Arrests Three 17-Year-Olds, Transfers Them to Undisclosed Locations - IranWireIran Arrests Three 17-Year-Olds, Transfers Them to Undisclosed Locations  IranWire

Brotherly bonds, mutual understanding underline Iran–Tunisia relations, says Tunisian President - Tehran TimesBrotherly bonds, mutual understanding underline Iran–Tunisia relations, says Tunisian President  Tehran Times

Two pro-Iran militants freed in prisoner swap that secured release of Elizabeth Tsurkov - thenationalnews.comTwo pro-Iran militants freed in prisoner swap that secured release of Elizabeth Tsurkov  thenationalnews.com

Celebrating Iranian cinema: four decades of global recognition - Tehran TimesCelebrating Iranian cinema: four decades of global recognition  Tehran Times

Iran agrees on new cooperation framework with UN nuclear watchdog - The Times of IsraelIran agrees on new cooperation framework with UN nuclear watchdog  The Times of Israel

Iran, UN nuclear watchdog progress on nuclear inspections - DWIran, UN nuclear watchdog progress on nuclear inspections  DW

Iranian cleanup of nuclear site likely to erase proof of atomic work — report - The Times of IsraelIranian cleanup of nuclear site likely to erase proof of atomic work — report  The Times of Israel

Iran says more talks needed to bring about IAEA inspections - ReutersIran says more talks needed to bring about IAEA inspections  Reuters

New cooperation framework with Iran to cover 'all facilities': IAEA | Daily Sabah - Daily SabahNew cooperation framework with Iran to cover 'all facilities': IAEA | Daily Sabah  Daily Sabah

Iran warns European powers of consequences for sanctions at nuclear talks - Al JazeeraIran warns European powers of consequences for sanctions at nuclear talks  Al Jazeera

Nuclear watchdog chief announces breakthrough on Iran monitoring - UN NewsNuclear watchdog chief announces breakthrough on Iran monitoring  UN News

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi: New Agreement with IAEA Does Not Allow Inspector Access to Iran’s Nuclear Facilities, Except for the Bushehr Plant in Order to Replace the Fuel - MEMRIIranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi: New Agreement with IAEA Does Not Allow Inspector Access to Iran’s Nuclear Facilities, Except for the Bushehr Plant in Order to Replace the Fuel  MEMRI

Iran’s Role in Deploying Middle Eastern Militias to the War in Ukraine - Middle East ForumIran’s Role in Deploying Middle Eastern Militias to the War in Ukraine  Middle East Forum

China and Russia Power Iran's Next Oil Surge - Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.comChina and Russia Power Iran's Next Oil Surge  Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.com

Iran-Contra figures Oliver North and Fawn Hall marry after 40 years - BBCIran-Contra figures Oliver North and Fawn Hall marry after 40 years  BBC

Kurdish PJAK Militants Brace for More Battles With Iran - The Jamestown FoundationKurdish PJAK Militants Brace for More Battles With Iran  The Jamestown Foundation

Iran condemns Israel’s deadly strikes on Yemen, calls for global action - PressTVIran condemns Israel’s deadly strikes on Yemen, calls for global action  PressTV

Iran expands IT services exports to five continents - TV BRICSIran expands IT services exports to five continents  TV BRICS

Egypt’s president stresses importance of constructive dialogue regarding Iranian nuclear issue - Anadolu AjansiEgypt’s president stresses importance of constructive dialogue regarding Iranian nuclear issue  Anadolu Ajansi

Multiple New Signs That Israel Is Set To Resume Airstrikes On Iran - WorldcrunchMultiple New Signs That Israel Is Set To Resume Airstrikes On Iran  Worldcrunch

Iran vows reciprocal action after Australia expels ambassador - Al JazeeraIran vows reciprocal action after Australia expels ambassador  Al Jazeera

Iran’s Islamic Unity Conference Becomes Global Model, Says Iran’s Shahriari - taghribnews.comIran’s Islamic Unity Conference Becomes Global Model, Says Iran’s Shahriari  taghribnews.com

Iran Transfers Three Prisoners to Solitary Confinement Ahead of Executions - IranWireIran Transfers Three Prisoners to Solitary Confinement Ahead of Executions  IranWire

Iranian court sentences four to death over spying for Israel's Mossad - PressTVIranian court sentences four to death over spying for Israel's Mossad  PressTV

Iran says moment for ‘effective’ nuclear talks with US not yet reached - Al JazeeraIran says moment for ‘effective’ nuclear talks with US not yet reached  Al Jazeera

E3 Frustrated With Iranian Noncompliance on Nuclear Inspections as Araghchi Backtracks on Agreement With IAEA - Foundation for Defense of DemocraciesE3 Frustrated With Iranian Noncompliance on Nuclear Inspections as Araghchi Backtracks on Agreement With IAEA  Foundation for Defense of Democracies

Slain activist Charlie Kirk praised Iranians, backed nuclear sites attack - ????? ??????????Slain activist Charlie Kirk praised Iranians, backed nuclear sites attack  ????? ??????????

UN welcomes deal between Iran, UN nuclear agency on resuming nuclear inspections - Middle East MonitorUN welcomes deal between Iran, UN nuclear agency on resuming nuclear inspections  Middle East Monitor